北坞园林绿地捕食性瓢虫发生规律及生态位的研究

Research on the occurrence regularities of ladybugs in green space of Beiwu

为有效保护和利用园林绿地中的捕食性瓢虫资源,研究了北京园林绿地中瓢虫的发生规律及生态位。采用定点定期黄板诱集法调查园林绿地捕食性瓢虫资源,然后进行了瓢虫发生时序动态、生态位宽度及生态位重叠等分析。由生态位宽度将瓢虫分为种群竞争力强、中和弱3类,由Mcnaughton优势度指数也将瓢虫分为优势种、常见种和偶见种3类;异色瓢虫、龟纹瓢虫、红点唇瓢虫和菱斑巧瓢虫既是种群竞争力强的瓢虫种类,也是园林绿地瓢虫的优势种,种群竞争力中的瓢虫种类多为瓢虫常见种,弱的种类多为瓢虫偶见种;园林绿地中优势捕食性瓢虫的发生时序动态既与园林植物上发生的蚜虫种类相关,又与园林植物种类相关;异色瓢虫与龟纹瓢虫,异色瓢虫与红点唇瓢虫,以及龟纹瓢虫与菱斑巧瓢虫全年的生态位重叠指数较高,均达0.8以上,而异色瓢虫与菱斑巧瓢虫,龟纹瓢虫与红点唇瓢虫,红点唇瓢虫与菱斑巧瓢虫全年的生态位重叠指数较小,均低于0.7。本文为有效保护园林绿地中的瓢虫资源提供了技术支撑。

To effectively protect and utilize the predatory ladybugs on green space of Beijing,the season dynamics and niche of ladybugs have been researched. The species of the predatory ladybugs on green space of Beijing are investigated using the method of hanging yellow sticky board under plants shoot. Then the season dynamics,niche breadth,niche overlap of dominant ladybugs species are analized. The species of ladybugs were classified into three types respectively,strong,medium and weak population competition ability by niche breadth,dominant,common and occasional species by Mcnaughton dominance index. And Harmonia axyridis,Propylea japonica,Oenopia conglobata and Chilocorus kuwanae are species of strong population competition ability and dominant species simultaneously. The season dynamics of dominant predatory ladybugs on green space of Beijing not only related to the aphid species damaging on different plants,but also related to species of plants. The index of niche ovelap of H. axyridis and P. japonica,H. axyridis and C. kuwanae,P. japonica and O. conglobata are higher than 0. 8. And the index of niche ovelap of H. axyridis and O. conglobata, P. japonica and C. kuwanae, O. conglobata and C. kuwanae are less than 0. 7. The results provide the technical support for effectively protecting ladybugs of green space.