《荀子》中的两型文化——以荀子的学术批评为中心

Two Patterns of Cultures in Xunzi:Taking Academic Criticism in Xunzi as the Centre

本文以《荀子》中《儒效》《非十二子》《天论》《解蔽》等篇对先秦诸子与儒学内部所做的学术批评为切入点,探讨荀子学术批评的主要对象及其自身的哲学立场。基于这一问题的分析,尝试对荀子哲学的基本性格提出一种新的解释。荀子的学术批评体现了西周礼乐文化与新兴的战国功利文化之间的斗争与张力;作为先秦儒学最后一位大师,荀子不单要针对新兴的战国功利文化提出回应,同时也必须对西周与战国的两型文化进行整合。

This paper focuses on Xunzi＇s writings of academic criticism on other pre-Qin philosophy schools and some Con fucian philosophers, to analyze the main object and stance of Xunzi＇s academic criticism. Based on the analysis, this paper tries to propose a new interpretation for the basic character of Xunzi＇s philosophy. This paper indicates that Xunzi＇s academic criticism manifested the competition and tension between the past West Zhou culture and the arising Warrior State utilitarian culture. As the last pre-Qin Confucian master, Xunzi not only had to respond to the challenge of the arising Warrior State utilitarian culture, but also had to reconcile and combine these two patterns of cultures.