外科病房的医院感染和预防控制措施分析

Hospital Infection and Control Measures of Surgical Ward

目的分析本院外科病房患者医院感染的危险因素,提出预防控制措施,为有效管控医院感染提供科学依据。方法回顾性分析2013年10月-2015年10月本院外科病房收治并进行手术的340例患者的临床资料,探讨医院感染的危险因素,提出预防控制措施。结果低龄患者与高龄患者医院感染率差异存在统计学意义（1.5%vs.10.3%,P〈0.05）,清洁切口与污染切口医院感染率差异存在统计学意义（1.2%vs.8.5%,P〈0.05）,手术时间〈3 h与手术时间〉3 h患者医院感染率差异存在统计学意义（2.0%vs.6.8%,P〈0.05）,住院时间〈2周与住院时间〉2周患者医院感染率差异存在统计学意义（2.2%vs.8.1%,P〈0.05）;外科病房340例患者中11例发生医院感染,感染率为3.2%,发生医院感染的部位及其构成比为呼吸道5例（45.5%）、泌尿道3例（27.3%）、颅内2例（11.2%）、胃肠道2例（11.2%）。结论患者年龄、手术切口清洁程度、手术时间及住院时间是外科病房医院感染的重要影响因素,应采取有效预防控制措施,降低医院感染发生率。

Objective To analysis the risk factors of the hospital surgical patients infection in hospital wards,propose measures and provide scientific evidence for the effective control. Methods The clinical data of 340 patients with surgery from October 2013 to October 2015 in our hospital surgical wards were selected and discussed. Rsults The nosocomial infection rate between younger patients and elderly patients was significantly different（1.5% vs.10.3%,P〈0.05）,the nosocomial infection rate between clean cut and pollution cut was significantly different（1.2% vs.8.5%,P〈0.05）,the nosocomial infection rate between operation time less than 3 h and more than 3 h was significantly different（2.0% vs.6.8%,P〈0.05）,the nosocomial infection rate between hospitalization less than 2 weeks and more than 2 weeks was significantly different（2.2% vs.8.1%,P〈0.05）,the infection rate of surgical ward patients was 3.2%,hospital site of infection occur 5（45.5%）cases in respiratory tract,3（27.3%）cases in urinary tract,2（11.2%）cases in intracranial,2（11.2%）cases in gastrointestinal tract. Conclusion The patient＇s age,cleanliness of the surgical incision,operation time and hospitalization time are important factors of surgical ward hospital infection,effective measures should be taken to reduce the incidence of nosocomial infection.