高山林线树木光合作用适应性研究进展

Research Advance on Photosynthetic Adaptation of Alpine Timberline Trees

高山林线作为一类特殊的生态过渡带,各类环境因子随海拔升高具有明显的梯度变化规律。林线过渡带物种组成与植被格局变化、林线上下界及树线推移等长期受到生态学与植物学研究的关注。不同生活型的林线植物,尤其是木本植物对高海拔林线逆境光合响应方式与策略的差异,直接导致林线植被组成与分布格局的变化,最终影响林线上下界以及树线的形成。并且,作为陆地生态系统对全球气候变化响应最为敏感的地区之一,林线植物光合作用响应性变化特征已成为预测全球气候变化条件下林线植被未来动态变化的重要参数。文中主要从叶片形态与结构以及叶片光合生理代谢等方面,综述山地木本植物适应林线逆境的相关研究进展,以期有助于理解高寒地带林线生境植被分布格局形成以及物种组成变化的驱动因子,为在全球气候变化条件下开展林线植物光合作用响应性研究提供参考作用。

As a special type of transitional ecotone, alpine timberline has various environmental factors which show obvious gradient variations with elevation. The species composition and vegetation pattern changes in the timberline ecotone, as well as upper and lower boundary development of timberline and treeline procession, has raised concerns by ecologist and botanists for a long term. Timberline plants with different life -forms, especially woody plants, have different photosynthetic response strategies to timberline adversity, which directly result in the changes in vegetation composition and distribution patterns of timberline, and affect ultimately the formation of the upper and lower boundary of timberline and treeline. Because timberline is one of the most sensitive region in terms of the response of terrestrial ecosystem to global climate change, the photosynthesis of timberline plants have become an important parameter to predict the future dynamic changes there in the context of global climate change. This paper systematically reviewed the research advances on mountain woody plants adaptation to timberline adversity in terms of leaf morphology and struefure as well as leaf photosynthetic physiological characteristics. It helps understand the driving factors to the formation of vegetation distribution pattern and changes in species composition, and is also of great reference value for the research on photosynthetic response of timberline plants under the conditions of global climate change.