急性高原病发病率调查及群体预防措施的探讨

INVESTIGATION ON INCIDENCE OF ACUTE MOUNTAIN SICKNESS OF RECRUITS AND DISCUSSION ON PREVENTIVE METHODS FOR COLLECTIVENESS

目的 :探讨群体预防急性高原病 (AMS)的有效措施 ;方法 :对空运入藏新兵中调查对象的AMS发病率和住院率进行追踪调查 ,总结部队预防AMS的成功经验 ;结果 :AMS的发病率逐年降低 ,从 1 987年的 48.45%下降到 2 0 0 1年的 2 2 .8% ,P <0 .0 1 ;采取的主要预防措施为 :加强卫生管理 ,尽量减少不必要的活动 ,降低耗氧量 ,提高群体的高原医学知识 ,树立良好的生理和心理准备 ,正确认识缺氧症状和机体代偿过程 ,从而达到良好习服高原低氧环境的目的 ;结论 :在现阶段 ,因地制宜地采用综合措施 ,是群体预防AMS最有效、最实用、最经济的方法 ,其中 ,高效的卫生管理是最根本的环节。

Objective:To investigate the method of prevent acute mountain sickness(AMS) for collectiveness.Method:The incidence and admission rate of AMS of recruits exposed to altitude by airplanes were followed-up since 1987.The successful experience in preventing AMS was summarized.Results:The incidence of AMS decreased gradually from 48.45% in 1987 to 22.8% in 2001.The decreased extent was very significant.Besides decline of incidence of AMS,the admission rate of AMS decreased too,from 2.18% in 1993 to 0 in 1998 and 2001.The main preventive methods were enhancing medical management,decreasing excess oxygen consumption,teaching recruits high altitude medicine,helping them to set good physiological and psychological adaptation.Conclusion:Colligation method of preven ting AMS for collectiveness is the best effective,practical and economic at now,and effectiv medical management is the key to the method