清末民初东北少数民族通用语的转换

Change of Minorities' Lingua Franca in Northeast China between Late Qing Dynasty and Early Republic of China

我国东北地区自古以来就是多民族多语言共存的地区,也是满族的发源地。满族入关问鼎以后,为巩固东北地区的防务,加强了对东北地区少数民族的管理,并通过兴办八旗学校大力推广"国语骑射"。这对于满语的普及起到了促进作用,满语成为东北地区通用语。清中后期,东北地区出现了满语汉语兼用的情况。清末民初,随着东北移民高峰的出现,东北地区的通用语则由满语转为汉语。

Northeast China has been a place where multi-ethnics and multiple languages have been coexisting, which is also the origin of the Manchus. After they entered the Shanhai Pass and came to power, the Manchus vigorously promoted ＂ the Manchu language, riding ＆ shooting＂ by running ＂ the Eight Banner＂ schools in order to solid their defense in Northeast China and strengthen the management of the minorities there, which facilitated the popularization of Manchu and it became the lingua franca in Northeast China. From Mid-Qing to Late Qing Dynasty, Manchu and Chinese were both used in North East China. Between the late Qing Dynasty and the Early Republic of China, with the peak immigration to Northeast China, the hnga franca there changed from Manchu to Chinese.