井下矿工心理资本对职业紧张与焦虑症状关系的中介作用

The Mediating Role of Psychological Capital in the Association Between Occupational Stress and Anxious Symptoms among Underground Miners

目的探讨井下矿工的职业紧张和心理资本对焦虑症状的影响,为降低井下矿工焦虑症状,提高其心理健康水平提供依据。方法采用横断面调查方法,随机抽取辽宁省某煤业集团所属6家煤矿的2500名井下矿工进行自填式问卷调查,包括付出回报失衡问卷,心理资本问卷和焦虑自评量表,有效回收问卷1941份（77.6%）。应用多元分层线性回归分析探讨井下矿工职业紧张和心理资本对焦虑症状的影响,渐近-再抽样策略检验心理资本对职业紧张与焦虑症状关系的中介作用。结果付出回报失衡和超负荷对焦虑症状具有正向预测作用（β=0.203,0.213,P〈0.01）,而心理资本对焦虑症状具有负向预测作用（β=-0.320,P〈0.01）。心理资本在付出回报失衡与焦虑症状的关系中的中介作用为0.089,其95%置信区间为0.071～0.108。结论井下矿工的焦虑症状与职业紧张和心理资本密切相关,心理资本是付出回报失衡导致焦虑症状过程中的中介变量。

Objective This study was conducted to explore the effects of occupational stress and psychological capital（ PsyCap） on anxious symptoms among underground miners,and aimed at reducing anxious symptoms and improving mental health in this population. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted, and the study sample comprised 2500 underground miners from six coal mines attached to a coal industry group in Liaoning Province. The Effort-Reward Imbalance（ ERI） scale, the Psychological Capital Questionnaire（ PCQ） and the Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale（ SAS） were used to measure occupational stress,PsyCap and anxious symptoms, respectively. Complete responses were obtained from 1941 individuals（ response rate：77. 6%）. Multiple hierarchical linear regression analysis was used to explore the effects of occupational stress and PsyCap on anxious symptoms. The mediating role of PsyCap in the association between occupational stress and anxious symptoms was examined using asymptotic and resampling strategies. Results ERI and overcommitment had positive effects on anxious symptoms（β = 0. 203, 0. 213,P〈0. 01）,whereas PsyCap had negative effect on anxious symptoms（ β =- 0. 320,P〈0. 01）. The mediating role of PsyCap in the association between occupational stress and anxious symptoms was 0. 089, 95% confidence interval（ 0. 071,0. 108）. Conclusion There was close associations between occupational stress and PsyCap and anxious symptoms among underground miners. PsyCap could be a mediator in the process of ERI resulting in anxious symptoms.