聚丙烯酰胺结构与水溶液粘度保持率

Polyacrylamide Structure and Viscosity Retention Rate of Aqueous Solution

聚丙烯酰胺衍生物(PAM)是高温高矿化度油藏的关键性助剂之一,为适应油藏高温环境,PAM不仅需要具有优异的热稳定性,还应在温度升高时具有较高的粘度保持率。与耐温抗盐单体共聚显著改善了PAM的热稳定性,已有许多文章总结了这一领域的进展。相对而言,关于PAM水溶液在高温时粘度保持率的报道较少。本文从聚合物分子构造以及其在水溶液中的聚集态结构出发,总结了PAM水溶液粘度保持率与结构的关系。主要包括在线性主链上引入支化侧链来提高聚合物分子链刚性,以及利用超分子相互作用形成物理交联网络改变PAM在水溶液中的聚集态结构。此外,展望了耐温抗盐PAM的发展趋势。

Polyacrylamide （PAM） is an essential additive for high temperature and salinity reservoir. In order to achieve well performance at harsh environment, PAM is required to be stable and display high viscosity at high temperature solution. Thermo-stability of PAM was greatly enhanced by copolymerization AM with temperature-stable and salt-tolerant monomers, and lots of efforts were made to summarize the achievements in this area. By contrast, less attention has been paid to the viscosity retention rate of PAM upon elevated temperature. Based on structure and solution property relationship, two aspects of recent developments about improving viscosity retention rate of PAM aqueous solution was reviewed in this article. One is increasing the rigidity of polymer chain by introducing side chain into linear PAM backbone. The other is altering the aggregation structure of PAM in water induced by supermolecular interaction in order to form physical cross linking network. Some comments were also made on its development trend.