滇中高原常绿阔叶林土壤生物学特性对土壤理化性质的影响

Effects of Soil Biological Characteristics on Physiochemical Properties in Evergreen Broad-leaved Forest in Middle Yunnan Plateau, China

土壤酶活性和微生物是构成土壤生态系统的重要组分,也是决定土壤功能的关键因子,研究土壤生物学特性对理化性质的影响可以阐明影响土壤理化性质的因子,从而为林地土壤质量的恢复与保育提供科学依据。文章通过野外调查与室内实验相结合的方法进行样品采集与处理,结合相关分析与通径分析的数据分析方法对云南省玉溪市磨盘山常绿阔叶林土壤理化因子与土壤酶活性、微生物数量之间的关系进行了研究。结果表明,(1)常绿阔叶林林下土壤含水量、田间持水量、有机质、全氮、碱解氮、全磷、速效钾含量随着土层深度的增加而减少,土壤容重、p H、全钾含量随着土层深度的增加而增加。(2)土壤脲酶、过氧化氢酶、转化酶活性及可培养的细菌、放线菌、真菌数量随着土壤深度的增加而减少。(3)相关分析表明,土壤理化性质与酶活性、微生物数量之间存在显著的相关关系。(4)通径分析表明,过氧化氢酶和脲酶对土壤物理性质影响显著,而脲酶、过氧化氢酶、转化酶和真菌数量对化学性质有显著影响。

Soil enzymes activities and soil microbes are the important components of soil ecosystem, particular for forest soil, and also the key factor to determine the soil function. Predicting impacts of soil biological characteristics on physiochemical properties requires a clear understanding of relationship between physicochemical properties and both enzymes activities and soil microbes. In this study, the indices of physicochemical properties, enzymes activities and soil microbes were measured in evergreen broad-leaved forest located in Middle Yunnan Plateau, and the relationship between physicochemical properties and both enzymes activities and soil microbes were analyzed using path analysis. The results showed that: (1) The soil moisture content, field capacity, organic matter, total nitrogen, alkali-hydro nitrogen, total phosphorus, available potassium content were decreased with the increasing of soil depth, and the soil bulk density, pH, total potassium content were increases with increasing of soil depth; (2) Soil urease, catalase, invertase activity and bacteria, actinomyces, fungi is gradually reduce with the increasing of soil depth; (3) Correlation analysis indicated that the physiochemical properties was significantly correlated with both enzymes activities and soil microbes; And (4) the path analyses suggested that soil urease and catalase are the main contributing factors to soil physical properties, and the urease, catalase, invertase and bacteria fungus had significant effects on chemical properties.