历史民族志视野下的中国汉族宗族研究反思

Reflection on the Study of Chinese Han Clans from the Perspective of Historical Ethnography

历史民族志是人类学与历史学互动交融的产物。在历史民族志看来,历史与现实并非决然对立,而是相互关联,密切互动。任何一个事件或现象均具有特定的历史渊源、漫长的发展过程、复杂的结构及功能。历史、过程、结构、功能等相互交织,共同构建了多样化的人类社会图景。历史民族志视野下的中国汉族宗族研究,首先要反思以弗里德曼为代表的功能主义研究范式的局限性,关注宗族的历史过程。其次,要走出宗族乡村的静态分析模式,在历史发展的进程中分析宗族的建构过程及其被建构的文化背景和建构后所产生的社会意义。最后,中国汉族宗族的研究并不只是宗族本身的研究,而是包含着多重的历史叙事。

Historical ethnography is the product of anthropology and history.From the perspective of historical ethnography,history and reality are not definitely contrary,but are correlated with each other.Any event or phenomenon has its own specific historical origin,long process of development and complicated structure.History,process,structure and function work together to establish diverse human-society picture.Conducting a study on Chinese Han clans from the perspective of historical ethnography,we should first reflect on the limitation of the functionalism research paradigm represented by Freedman,paying attention to the historical process of the clans.Secondly,we should get out of the village＇s static analysis model for the clans,to analyze the clans＇ construction process and the cultural background of construction,and the social significance when it was produced.Finally,the study on Chinese Han clans is not only about its own research on clans,but contains multiple historical narratives.