中国农业经营格局的演变与现代农业的实现路径

The Evolution of Chinese Agriculture Management Structure and the Achieving Path of Modern Agriculture

随着我国经济和社会发展步入新常态,工业化、新型城镇化与农业现代化的协调发展逐渐成为解决人口、经济发展与土地紧张矛盾的根本出路,问题在于工业化和新型城镇化的推进必然压缩农业发展的土地资源,现代农业的转型因而成为必然选择。通过梳理中国农业经营格局的演变过程,结果显示:随着我国农业发展到一定高度,家庭联产承包责任制在政治上逐渐导致了基层政治的虚无化,在经济上导致了农业内生增长动力的逐渐丧失,在社会层面则是影响了乡村生活方式的现代化转型。与此同时,中国农业的未来又离不开家庭这一基本单位,现代农业的实现路径在于:以新型城镇化保障现代农业的高质量要素投入;以土地发展权保障现代农业的适度经营规模;以政府调控保障农民更好地融入现代农业市场体系。

With Chinese economy and society developing into a new norm, the coordinated development of industrialization, new urbanization andagricultural modernization is becoming a fundamental way of addressing population , economic development and land tense contradiction. However,the problem is that industrialization and urbanization will inevitably promote the compression on agriculture development of land resources , thetransformation of modern agriculture thus become an inevitable choice. Through reviewing the evolution process of China＇s agricultural managementstructure, the results show： with China＇s agriculture developed to a certain height , the household contract responsibility system gradually has ledto grassroots political emptiness in politics, and has led to a loss of agricultural endogenous growth momentum in the economy; it also hasinfluenced the modern transformation of the rural way of life at the social level. At the same time , the future of China＇s agriculture can＇t bedeparted from the family as the basic unit. In order to achieve the path of modern agriculture , we need to： ①guarantee the high-quality elementsinputs in modern agriculture through the new urbanization; ②protect a moderate management scale of modern agriculture through establishing theland development rights; ③protect farmers better integrating into modern agriculture market system by government regulation.