批评话语分析视角下的民族志研究

Research of Ethnography from the Perspective of Critical Discourse Analysis

民族志"真实性"的解构,使得民族志的"主观性"在学术讨论中逐渐获得承认。此外,学者与土著之间不平等的权力关系,以及民族志作者为了代表土著及掌握学术话语权而使用的修饰技巧也逐渐被揭露。20世纪80年代人类学者对于民族志的反思,开启了民族志及文化书写成为分析对象的可能性。这样的转折不但为批评话语分析提供了一个新的研究题材,也为人类学者提供一种反思民族志的视角,创造跨学科研究的契机。

The deconstruction of ethnographic reality leads to the recognition of ethnographic subjectivity in academic discussion. Besides,the unequal power relation between scholars and indigenous peoples,along with ethnographers' rhetoric strategies for holding discursive power in academia are disclosed. Anthropologists' rethinking of ethnography in the 1980 s opened the possibility of ethnography and culture writing as analyzed target. This transition has not only provided critical discourse analysis a newresearch topic,but also provided anthropologists a newperspective of ethnography,which creates the opportunity of interdisciplinary research.