义务论还是功利论?——从道德两难考察孟子道德哲学的性质

Duty or Utility: to research the nature of Mencius moral philosophy in the perspective of moral dilemma

关于孟子道德哲学的性质,学术界多从孟子严辨义利的立场出发,将其定位为一种严格的义务论。这种义务论不是从功利后果,而是从道德原则本身来判定行为的道德性,义务与功利在此被截然二分。将义务与功利相对立,其实是西方二分思维的惯性使然。通过对《孟子》中道德两难问题的分析,可以发现,孟子道德哲学是一种从义务的形式性到功利的实质性的一体流贯。

For distinguishing the Mencius moral philosophy between Obligation and Utilitarian,Academia regard it as a strict obligatory theory. This obligation theory doesn’t pay attention to the utilitarian consequences,it judge the morality behavior from the moral principle. So obligation and utility were separated.However,the separate is as a result of western binary thinking. Through the analysis of ＂ mencius＂ in the moral dilemma,we found that Mencius moral philosophy is a kind of continuity from the form of Obligation to the substance of Utilitarian.