农业合作化运动中农民的社会心理变迁及启示

Peasants' Social Mind Transition and the Enlightenment in Agricultural Cooperation Movement

新中国成立初期的农业合作化运动在短暂的时间内获得了农民普遍的、狂热的拥护。但是,考察农民的社会心理变迁过程可以发现,农民的心态是复杂的,除少数的衷心拥护外,更多的是功利性参与、观望和反对。而农民由功利性参与、观望和反对转变为狂热有着深刻的社会心理动因,是崇尚权威、群体从众的社会心理与不断强化的政治压力相作用的结果。农民崇尚权威、群体从众的社会心理不利于其主体地位的体现。从根本上说,农民的这种心理源于缺乏现代公民的独立人格。当今,在推进新型城镇化建设中,要体现农民的主体地位,首要任务是塑造现代农民的独立人格。

In early period of new China, agricultural cooperation movement won peasants＇ general and enthusiastic support. However, it is found that peasants＇ minds are complex through studying transition process of peasants＇ social mind, except a few wholehearted support, the more are utilitarian participation, wait-see and oppose. Moreover, there is profound social psychological motivation for peasants to transit utilitarian participation, wait-see, oppose to enthusiasm, and it is result of interaction between adoring authority, group conformity and strengthening political pressure. Peasants＇ social mind of adoring authority and group conformity go against the embodiment of their subject position. Fundamentally, this kind of social mind stems from a lack of independent personality of modern citizens. Nowadays, in promoting the construction of the new urbanization, in order to embody peasants＇ subject position, the top priority is to shape the independent personality of modern farmers.