上海市松江区助动车道路交通伤害危险因素的病例对照研究

A Case-Control Study on Risk Factors of Road Traffic Crashes Involving Motorized Bicycles in Songjiang District, Shanghai

[目的]探讨影响助动车道路交通伤害的危险因素,为进一步开展道路交通伤害预防控制提供科学依据。[方法]采用病例对照研究方法,通过面对面问卷调查收集交通事故组、虚惊事故组和对照组助动车使用者的个人基本信息情况;交通安全相关的认知、态度、行为等问题;过去一年内发生交通事故或虚惊事故的情况。[结果]本研究共调查交通事故组127人,虚惊事故组149人,对照组406人。在控制年龄的情况下,影响交通事故发生的危险因素为文化程度低（OR=1.874,95%CI：1.110～3.164）和机动车道行驶（OR=1.829,95%CI：1.071～3.124）;保护因素为上海本市户籍（OR=0.454,95%CI：0.285～0.725）;影响虚惊事故发生的危险因素为逆向行驶（OR=1.870,95%CI：1.136～3.077）和机动车道行驶（OR=2.700,95%CI：1.646～4.431）,保护因素为上海本市户籍（OR=0.468,95%CI：0.294～0.743）和睡眠充足（OR=0.574,95%CI：0.357～0.921）。[结论]文化程度低、非上海户籍、违反交通规则是助动车交通伤害的重要危险因素。应针对流动人口、文化程度较低者加强道路交通安全教育活动,积极引导助动车使用者改善驾驶危险行为、避免疲劳驾驶。

[Objective] To explore the risk factors of road traffic crashes（RTCs） involving motorized bicycles and provide scientific evidence for developing RTCs control and prevention programs. [Methods] A case-control design was applied in this survey. We collected data via face-to-face interview with motorized bicycle drivers of reported RTCs, near-miss RTCs, and control groups on general information; knowledge, attitude, and behaviors related to road safety; and experience of RTCs or near-miss RTCs in past one year. [Results] The study subjects consisted of a RTCs group（n=127）, a near-miss RTCs group（n=149）, and a control group（n=406）. With age controlled, the risk factors for RTCs were lower education level（OR=1.874, 95%CI： 1.110-3.164） and using an inappropriate lane（1.829, 1.071-3.124）; and protective factor was Shanghai local residence（0.454, 0.285-0.725）. For near-miss RTCs, the risk factors were driving on the wrong-side（1.870, 1.136-3.077） and using an inappropriate lane（1.870, 1.136-3.077）; and protective factors were Shanghai local residence（0.468, 0.294-0.743） and sufficient sleeping（0.574, 0.357-0.921）. [Conclusion] The prevalence of RTCs involving motorized bicycles is modified by lower education level, non-Shanghai local residence, and traffic violation. We should prioritize allocation of safety education/intervention resources in migrant populations with lower education level to promote behavior changes in motorized bicycle riding.