南通市2006—2014年生产性农药中毒病例分布

Distribution of Occupational Pesticide Poisonings in Nantong from 2006 to 2014

[目的]了解南通市生产性农药中毒的发病情况,探寻其发生的规律,为制定农药中毒预防控制措施提供科学依据。[方法]根据2006—2014年南通市职业病网络直报系统中生产性农药中毒报告卡的数据资料,经Excel2003表格整理后,采用SPSS 17.0软件对数据资料进行统计分析。计算各年份农药中毒病死率,并对中毒病例的年龄、性别、中毒季节和农药种类的分布进行分析。[结果]2006—2014年南通市共报告生产性农药中毒病例1 822例,5例死亡病例,病死率为0.27%。2006—2014年生产性农药中毒病例呈现波动状态,总体呈现下降趋势。女性中毒例数多于男性。中毒病例主要集中在45岁及以上年龄段（1 524/1 822,83.64%）,其中55～64岁年龄段病例最多,占34.74%（633/1 822）。生产性农药中毒多发于7—9月份。导致中毒的农药以有机磷类杀虫剂（1 056/1 822,57.96%）和氨基甲酸酯类杀虫剂（542/1 822,29.75%）为主;灭多威、甲胺磷、对硫磷（含甲基对硫磷）为导致中毒前三位的农药。[结论]2006—2014年南通市生产性农药中毒总体呈现下降趋势,7—9月份为生产性农药中毒的高发季节,中毒农药主要为有机磷类杀虫剂和氨基甲酸酯类杀虫剂。

[Objective] To understand the occurrence and characteristics of occupational pesticide poisonings in Nantong, and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of pesticide poisonings. [Methods] Data on occupational pesticide poisonings from 2006 to 2014 in Nantong were collected from the national occupational disease surveillance and reporting system to perform statistical analysis by Excel 2003 and SPSS 17.0. The fatality rate of pesticide poisonings in each year was calculated. The age distribution, gender distribution, and time distribution of poisoning cases, as well as the distribution of pesticides, were analyzed. [Results] From 2006 to 2014, a total of 1 822 cases of occupational pesticide poisoning were reported in Nantong, of which 5 cases died with a fatality rate of 0.27%. The occurrence of occupational poisoning cases showed fluctuations and a downward trend in general. Female cases were more than male cases. A majority of occupational pesticide poisoning cases were reported by the victims older than 45 years（1 524/1 822, 83.64%）, in which the 55-64 years old age group accounted for the largest proportion（633/1 822, 34.74%）. The reported pesticide poisoning cases mainly occurred from July to September. Organophosphorus pesticides（1 056/1 822, 57.96%） and amino acid esters（542/1 822, 29.75%） were major types of pesticides that caused occupational poisonings; methomyl, methamidophos, and parathion（including parathion-methyl） ranked the top three agents. [Conclusion] The occurrence of occupational pesticide poisoning cases in Nantong shows a downward trend in general. Occupational pesticide poisonings mainly occur from July to September. Organophosphorus pesticides and amino acid esters are the major causes.