从公益诉讼视角看我国环境损害司法鉴定

Forensic Appraisal of Environmental Damage from the Perspective of Public Interest Litigation in China

为充分保障社会公共利益不受侵害,2013年1月1日起实施的《民事诉讼法》明确了环境民事公益诉讼制度,然我国环境民事公益诉讼的发展先后经历了探索期、磨合期和现在的发展期。通过对环境损害公益诉讼具体案例的分析,可以发现在公益诉讼中,环境损害司法鉴定发挥了重要作用,但也存在一定问题,如"社会公共利益"法律界定不明,公益诉讼案件量少、高质量案件不多,环境损害司法鉴定机构数量不多、专业化不够,鉴定周期长、费用高等。据此,我们应当从明确界定"社会公共利益"、建立环保组织开展公益诉讼的支持和保障机制、支持专家证人制度、大力推行环境司法专门化、规范生态环境损害赔偿资金管理等多方面入手,以确保环境损害司法鉴定在环境民事公益诉讼中的功能充分发挥。

In order to fully protect the legitimate rights and interests of victims of environmental damage cases,the Civil Procedure Law,the amendment of which became effective on January 1,2013,defines the status of environmental public interest civil litigation.The development of public interest civil litigation in environment damage has undergone the exploration period,run-in period and present development.Through the analysis of specific cases of public interest litigation regarding environmental damage,one can find that in public interest litigation,forensic appraisal plays an important role.But there are certain problems,such as the unclear definition of public interest,few public interest litigation cases,few high quality cases,limited number of environmental damage forensic appraisal institutions,lack of specialization,long appraisal period and high cost.Accordingly,in order to ensure that forensic appraisal can play its role in environmental damage public interest civil litigation,we should do the following：clearly define the concept of public interest,establish the support and protection mechanism for environmental organizations to participate in public interest litigation,build up the expert witness support system,vigorously promote specialized environmental justice,standardize financial management of ecological damage compensation.