法医毒物学的发展与挑战

Progress and Challenges in Forensic Toxicology

科学技术的进步和鉴定实践的需求促进了法医毒物学的迅猛发展。综述了法医毒物学的最新发展动态。法医毒物鉴定已趋向于按照案件性质进行分类分析,如体外毒品鉴定、毒品滥用鉴定、影响行为能力的酒驾毒驾认定、麻醉抢劫及性犯罪等药物影响下犯罪、中毒死亡鉴定等;新型生物检材如口腔液、指甲、干血点等和新型精神活性物质成为研究热点;随着样品前处理技术和质谱等技术的发展,毒药物的检测能力获得很大的提升;毒物鉴定结果的解释和评判虽然非常复杂,但必须继续,也越来越受到重视。最后,分析我国毒物学实验室的现状,阐述了面临的挑战以及改进策略。

Forensic toxicology is improved significantly with the development of technologies and the emerging needs of forensic services.This paper reviews new progress in forensic toxicology.Forensic services tend to be classified according to the nature of the case,such as the analysis of drugs of abuse in seized materials,drug testing,human performance toxicology which could include impaired driving,sexual assault and other drug-facilitated crimes,and postmortem toxicology.There is increasing interest in alternative matrices,such as oral fluid,nail,dried blood spot,etc.,and new psychoactive substances.Analytical capability of drug detection has been highly enhanced with the improvements in sample preparation and mass spectrometry.More and more researches have focused on the interpretation of toxicology results,which is a complex but necessary work.Finally,the current status about laboratories and ongoing challenges are discussed,and development strategies are proposed.