清代苏南宗族义庄的庄正研究

Study on the Clan Free Estate's Principal Administrator in Southern Jiangsu Province during Qing Dynasty

清代苏南的建庄者不仅自为首任庄正,而且主持订立义庄规条对后继庄正的产生做出规定,推选庄裔或者族人继任庄正均比较常见,选用外姓者很少。庄正的权责利具有较高程度的统一性,必须为庄产的存续发展和义庄功能的正常发挥而工作。清代苏南义庄虽然形成了较为完善的庄正制,但仍处于不断发展中,为民国时期进一步向集体领导下的个人负责制转型奠定了基础。清代苏南庄正的经营管理取得了比较好的绩效,优先建立合理的规章制度是成功的关键。

In southern Jiangsu Province during Qing Dynasty, the Free estate＇s builder not only served as the first principal administrator, but also took charge of formulating rules to regulate generation of successor ones. It was common to choose the builder＇s offspring or clansman as leader, but few from foreigner. The principal administrator had great rights and must work for promoting the Free estate to develop and its functions to play. The Free estate＇s management system was more perfect and still continued to develop. It laid foundation for the transformation to the personal responsibility system under the collective leadership in Minguo period.