欧盟的国际法治观——基于联合国“国内和国际法治”议题探析

EU's Approach to the Rule of Law at the International Level——Based on the UN Agenda Item of “the Rule of Law at the National and International Levels”

促进国际法治既是欧盟外部法治的重要内容,也是欧盟对外行动的重要目标。2006年联合国"国内和国际法治"议题的启动为欧盟双边法治行动的多边化创造了条件,也为欧盟的对外法治行动获得联合国框架下的国际正当性提供了可能。欧盟积极参与该议题的对话、讨论和辩论,不断为国际法治提供欧盟的观念与行动方案,以"在更广泛的世界中坚持和促进其价值观和利益"。欧盟的国际法治观具有以《联合国宪章》为基础和国际法为中心;淡化主权色彩,强调国际法义务的履行;推崇国际司法以及弱化国际社会与欧盟社会的结构性差别四大特点。从当代国际法和国际社会的基本结构角度看,欧盟的国际法治观既具有积极意义,也存在消极的一面,可能在观念和实践层面对欧盟法治自身以及中国的法治进程(尤其是参与国际法治建设)产生多方面影响。欧盟的国际法治观最终能对国际法治的演进产生多大影响,相当程度上可能取决于欧盟内部法治的经验如何与国际社会的结构相适应,这也意味着欧盟的国际法治观本身必须具有动态性。

Promoting the rule of law at the international level is an important part of the external aspect of the rule of law of the EU,as well as one of the principles and objectives of the EU' s external actions.The initiation of the UN agenda item of ' the rule of law at the national and international levels' in 2006 brings possibilities for both the multilateralisation of the EU' s bilateral actions on the rule of law and the securing of international legitimacy within the framework of the UN for the EU' s external actions on the rule of law.The EU takes an active part in the dialogues,discussions and debates about this Item,aimed at injecting its ideas and programmes into the international rule of law.From the perspective of the basic structures of the contemporary international law and international community and in terms of both theory and practice,the EU' s approach is of mixed implications on the rule of law of the EU itself and on China' s process of constructing rule of law,especially on China' s participation in building the rule of law at the international level.