欧盟2015年贸易政策及对中国的影响

The 2015 EU Trade Policy and Its Impacts upon China

近年来,全球贸易发生了很大的变化。从产业层面来看,主要表现为全球价值链的兴起和数字革命对产业的冲击;从地缘政治视角来看,主要体现为新兴国家的崛起和超级地区贸易协定谈判的启动。上述变化催生了全球贸易从保护国内生产者的"旧世界"走向了保护消费者免于承担各种风险的"新世界",同时也在改变全球贸易治理体系。2015年10月欧盟发布的《贸易政策沟通文件》正是体现了"新世界"的世界观,即责任感、公开和透明。欧盟落实新贸易政策的路线图首先是振兴多边贸易体系,其次是推动双边贸易关系的发展。该政策对中国的启示是,如何深刻认识全球贸易的新变化。对中国的挑战则体现在:一是中欧如何构建未来的双边贸易投资法律框架;二是中欧如何开展多边领域的合作;三是中国如何应对欧盟在东亚的再平衡举措。

The global trade has been experiencing dramatic changes in recent years.From the industrial point of view,it is reflected in the rise of the global value chain and in the shocks brought about by the digital revolution.From the geopolitical point of view,it is reflected in the rise of the emerging countries and in the launch of the mega regional trade negotiations.These changes encourage the transition of the global trade from the 'old world' protecting the domestic producers to the 'new world' protecting the consumers from different kinds of risks,as well as promote the shifts in the global trade governance system.In response to these changes,the 2015 EU Trade Policy Paper is aimed at,on one hand,revitalizing the multilateral trading system and at promoting the development of bilateral trade relations on the other hand.The EU Trade Policy Paper could help China understand more deeply the changes in global trade,while on the other hand,China is confronted with a number of challenges in the future China-EU cooperation in trade and investment.