网箱养鱼对河流型水库水质影响的研究

Study on simulation of influence of fish cage culture on water quality in riverine reservoir

针对网箱养鱼所造成的水污染问题,运用水质模型对网箱养鱼污染进行模拟和预测成为重要的研究课题。提出将网箱养鱼污染概化为面源负荷,采用校准后的QUAL2Kw模型对潘家口水库网箱养鱼污染和网箱撤消后两个方案进行水质模拟和预测,并采用均方根误差法对模型适用性进行评价。同时提出具有绝对负荷量百分比和贡献比例计算模块的QUAL2Kw模型,对不同污染源对出库水质的影响程度进行评价。结果表明:QUAL2Kw模型在潘家口水库的适用性较好;网箱养鱼全部撤消后,潘家口水库的水质状况整体改善的程度不高;为有效改善潘家口水库出库水质,应优先削减潘家口(S6)-潘坝前(S7)的污染物入库负荷量。本文所提出的模型方法及针对出口断面的污染物贡献比例分析可为进一步研究潘家口水库的水环境管理提供科学依据和决策支持。

Aimed at the pollution problem of fish cage culture,the paper used water quality model to simulate and predict the pollution problem of fish cage cultur. Fish cage culture pollution in the Panjiakou Reservoir was generalized to surface source load,and the calibrated QUAL2 Kw model was applied for fish cage culture pollution in the Panjiakou reservoir both before and after banning cage cultures,and used root mean square meters（ RMSE） to carry out applicability evaluation for QUAL2 Kw model. The influence of different pollution sources on water quality at outlet was assessed by the improved QUAL2 Kw model with pollutant load ratios and contribution ratio modules. The results show that the QUAL2 Kw model has good adaptability and can provide a reliable model foundation to simulate and analyze fish cage culture pollution problems in the Panjiakou Reservoir; if fish cage culture is banned,the concentrations of constituents would decrease finitely. To improve water quality of Panjiakou Reservoir at outlet. It is more effective to reduce pollutant load between S6 to S7. The method can provide the scientific basis and decision support for the water environmental management of Panjiakou reservoir.