美国再工业化对中国制造业国际竞争力的影响

The Impact of American Reindustrialization on the Competitiveness of Chinese Manufacturing

在经济全球化、生产任务化纵向深入的背景下,比较优势理论对美国再工业化战略后的政策效果和影响解释力不足。再工业化促使美国经济快速复苏,保持国际竞争力,是竞争力理论的新应用。基于波特钻石模型,采用中国制造业产业层面数据,结合基于附加值的RCA指标,将外资和中美进出口作为外在机遇,以跨时面板数据检验美国再工业化政策实施前后中国不同层级制造业国际竞争力的表现。结果显示,美国再工业化后,中国制造业国际竞争力受到外在冲击的影响呈明显的产业特征。政府加大劳动密集型产业研发投入,鼓励技术创新和应用,提高FDI质量,扩大从美国进口高技术中间品都是减少美国再工业化不利影响的有效途径。

With the rapid globalization and fragmentation of world economy, the classical theory of comparative advantage is unable to explain the phenomenon of American industrialization. Why America recovers quickly and maintains its competitiveness goes to a new application of Diamond Model. The paper tests the impact of such a reindustrialization on the competitiveness of Chinese manufacturing by using the cross-time panel data based on such a Model. Introducing the Sino-US trade as the opportunity into the model and controlling all Chinese home elements, the research concludes that the external impact on the international competitiveness of China＇s manufacturing is obvious with a feature of industry. Chinese government, as one of the elements, is suggested to invest more in R＆D for labor-intensive industries, regulate the FDI, enhance the quality of investment, and expand the import of high-tech intermediate products from the USA as approaches to reducing the impact.