肿瘤微环境响应型智能纳米药物载体的研究进展

Advances in the tumor microenvironment-responsive smart drug delivery nanosystem

随着纳米技术的发展及肿瘤微环境研究的深入,基于肿瘤微环境设计的刺激响应型智能纳米药物载体在抗肿瘤药物递送系统中受到了广泛瞩目。该智能纳米药物载体可在体内稳定转运,抵达肿瘤靶组织或靶细胞后在肿瘤微环境刺激下载体结构发生响应,有效控制负载药物的转运部位和释放速度,从而显著提高靶点药物浓度,增加其抗肿瘤活性并降低其不良反应。常见的肿瘤微环境刺激因子有:p H、还原物质、酶浓度、活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS)、三磷酸腺苷(adenosine-5'-triphosphate,ATP)等。本文主要从p H响应型、酶响应型、还原响应型、ROS响应型、ATP响应型智能给药系统5个方面,综述了肿瘤微环境刺激响应型智能纳米药物载体在抗肿瘤领域的新研究与新进展,并对其未来的研究方向进行了展望。

With the rapid development of nanotechnology and in-depth understanding of tumor microenvironment,stimuli-responsive smart drug delivery nanosystem based on tumor microenvironment（ TME） has received extensive attention. TME-responsive smart delivery nanosystem can transport antitumor drug in circulation stably,after arriving in tumor tissue or targeted cells,the structure of nanocarriers changes under the stimuli of TME.Improved drug concentrations in targeted site significantly increase the antitumor efficiency and reduce the side effects of drugs. The stimulating factors in the TME include p H,redox potential,enzyme,reactive oxygen species（ ROS）,adenosine-5＇-triphosphate（ ATP） and so on. This review mainly gives a comprehensive overview in the latest research and new development in TME-responsive smart drug delivery nanosystems for efficient tumor therapy, mainly based on p H response type, enzyme response, reduction response, ROS response, and ATP response smart drug delivery nanosystems. Moreover,research directions in the future are pointed out in this review.