生态补偿机制发展的现状与趋势

生态补偿的内涵在国际上指的是生态系统服务付费,我国现行生态补偿机制主要有纵向财政转移支付、横向财政转移支付和市场化模式三大类。不同地区和部门在森林、草原、湿地、流域和水资源、海洋以及重点生态功能区等生态补偿方面取得了重要进展。但总体来看,我国的生态补偿机制还没有根本确立,谁开发谁保护、谁受益谁补偿的利益调节格局还没有真正形成,对生态环境保护还没有充分发挥作用。未来生态补偿机制的发展趋势有:补偿投入力度强化;补偿方式多元化;补偿制度体系完善化。

Eco-eompensation is known as payment for ecosystem service internationally. Existing coo-compensation mechanism main- ly falls into three categories： exchequer based transfer payment, vertical and horizontal, and market based compensation in China. Various areas and departments have actively explored the building of coo-compensation system and achieved im- portant progresses in fields of forest, grassland, wet land, river basin and water resources, exploitation of mineral resources, ocean and key ecological functions areas, etc. However, coo-compensation system, dominated by vertical transfer payment, is still far from perfect in China. The interest regulation pattern of ＂developer to protect and beneficiary to compensate＂ has not been formed. Its role of protection of ecological environment has not been brought into full play. China should im- prove coo-compensation system by intensifying coo-compensation input, diversifying coo-compensation tools, and estab- lishing its institutional system.