产权制度与环境:“科斯定理”的延伸

The Property Rights and Environment:The Extension of “Coase Theorem”

Coase提出了在侵害问题上产权的分配对社会总效应的影响,开启了对产权和交易成本等研究的先河。文章在Coase提出的理论基础上,进一步分析了产权制度对环境的影响机制,通过简单公式重新解释"科斯定理",在零交易成本和产权被清晰界定的假设下,探讨不同的自然资源所有制的界定对追求利润最大化的经济人、自然资源的价值和社会总收益的影响。另外,结合近年来对世界各国环境管理机制的相关研究,延伸了"科斯定理"中的假设条件,探讨在正交易成本下的真实世界中如何更有效的利用产权制度来解决环境问题,包括产权清晰界定的成本、签订契约的成本、产权保护的成本、环保法的制定和公平与福利等因素对社会总效应的影响。

Coase indicated the effects of well defined property rights on total social benefits in disoperation problem,which starts a new field of property rights and transaction cost in economics.On the base of Coase＇s theory,this paper makes an further analysis to the system of the property rights＇ effects on environment,explaining ＂Coase Theorem＂through simple functions.Under the hypothesis of zero transaction cost,it discusses effects of different kind of ownership to homo-economics,natural resources＇ value and total social benefits.On the other hand,to consider relative researches of governments＇ institutions of environmental management in the recent years,this paper explains how to utilize property rights to solve environmental problem more effectively in the positive transaction cost＇s world,including the effects of the cost of defining property rights,the cost of making contracts,the cost of protecting property rights,the environmental law,justice and benefits on total social benefits.