2012－2014年浙江省嘉兴地区新生儿肺炎致病菌及其耐药性分析

Analysis of drug resistance and clinically-isolated bacteria in neonatal infectious pneumonia of Jiaxing from 2012 to 2014

目的：了解嘉兴地区近年来新生儿感染性肺炎病原菌构成比及耐药性，为临床正确诊断、合理使用抗生素、避免抗生素滥用提供依据。方法对嘉兴地区诊断为感染性新生儿肺炎3025例进行无菌取痰，进行细菌培养及耐药性分析。结果共分离出菌株1156例，其中革兰阴性菌875例（75．7％），革兰阳性菌269例（23．3％），真菌12例（1．0％）。革兰阴性菌以肺炎克雷伯菌、大肠埃希菌、鲍曼不动杆菌、阴沟肠杆菌常见（肺炎克雷伯菌178例，大肠埃希菌151例，鲍曼不动杆菌87例，阴沟肠杆菌113例），革兰阳性菌以金黄色葡萄球菌最多见（金黄色葡萄球菌245例）。革兰阴性菌对头孢唑啉、氨苄西林、哌拉西林耐药严重，对美罗培南、亚胺培南、哌拉西林／他唑巴坦、头孢哌酮／舒巴坦较敏感。 ESBL阳性菌耐药性严重。金黄色葡萄球菌对青霉素、氨苄西林、红霉素、克林霉素耐药严重，对力奈唑脘、万古霉素、呋喃妥因等敏感。结论新生儿感染性肺炎以革兰阴性菌为主，且耐药性严重。规范管理，及早隔离，加强病原菌检测，合理使用抗生素，可减少耐药菌的产生。

Objective To evaluate the distribution and drug resistance of bacteria causing neonatal infectious pneumonia in Jiaxing,and to provide a therapy for clinical doctor to make a correct diagnosis,choose reasonable anti-biotics and avoid abuse of antibiotics.Methods Took expectoration from trachea in condition of asepsis to conduct culture and perform drug-sensitive test from 3025 cases.Results Totally 1 156 strains of aerobic bacteria were iso-lated.875 strains were gram negative bacilli（75.7%）,269 strains were gram positive cocci（23.3%）,and 12 strains were fungi（1.0%）.Klebsiella pneumoiae,Escherichia coil,Acinetobacter baumanni,Enterobacter cloacae were com-mon in gram negative bacilli（ respectively 178 cases,151 cases,87 cases,113 cases） .The proportion of the Staphylo-coccus aureus was the largest in gram positive cocci（245 cases） .The results showed that gram-negative bacilli were resistant to cefazolin, ampicillin, piperacillin and sensitive to meropenem, imipenem, piperacillin-tazuobatanna and cefoperazone-sulbactam.The drug resistance was severe of ESBL-positive.Staphylococcus aureus was resistant to penicillin, ampicillin, erythrocin, clindamycin and sensitive to linezolid, vancomycin, nitrofurantoin.Conclusion Gram-negative bacilli are the main bacteria in neonatals with infectious pneumonia.The drug resistance is severe.It is important to make a standard management and isolation.