2009-2012年四川省西昌市钉螺调查

Investigation on Snail Distribution in Ditches in Xichang City,2009-2012

目的了解2009-2012年四川省高山亚型的血吸虫病流行区沟渠钉螺的分布及其变化情况。方法 2009年在西昌市选择10个自然村,采用系统抽样法对所选自然村的全部沟渠进行钉螺调查,用压碎法检查捕捉的全部钉螺,计数感染性钉螺数量,连续监测4年,分析2009-2012年调查点有螺框出现率的变化情况。结果 2009-2011年西昌市调查点的沟渠钉螺有螺框出现率逐年上升(χ2=126.19,P<0.05),2012年的有螺框出现率为29.426%小于2011年的有螺框出现率22.077%,两者差异有统计学意义(χ2=27.19,P<0.05)。钉螺分布与有无水流是相关的,有水的沟渠钉螺分布比无水沟渠多(χ2=9 065.76,P<0.05)。结论依靠药物灭螺的方法,易出现螺情的反复,应加强综合治理的力度,彻底改变钉螺的滋生环境,同时有水的沟渠应该作为防治的重点。

Objective To understand the change of snail distribution in ditches in mountain subtype schistosomiasis endemic areas during 2009-2012. Methods In 2009,10 villages were selected from the mountain subtype endemic area of Xichang city,the snail distribution in ditches in those villages were investigated by the systematic sampling method,and all the captured snails were dissected to identify infected ones in four consecutive years. Results The occurrence rates of frames with living snails in Xichang were rising year by year during 2009-2011（ χ2= 126. 19,P 〈0. 05）. The occurrence rates of frames with living snails in 2012 and 2011 were29. 426% and 22. 077%,respectively,showing statistically significance between this two years（ χ2= 27. 19,P〈0. 05）. The distribution of snail in ditches had close relations with ditches with water,and snails were found more in water ditches（ χ2= 9 065. 76,P〈0. 05）. Conclusion Relying on method of molluscicide drug to control snail, the remained snails are easy to recover.Comprehensive measures such as environment reform should be taken thoroughly after the breeding surroundings. Meanwhile,more attention should be paid to the ditches with water.