渭河流域代表站气象水文要素变化特征分析

Analysis of Meteorological and Hydrological Changing Characteristics on Representative Stations in Weihe River Basin

渭河是黄河的最大支流,是中国文明发祥地之一。渭河干流全长818 km,渭河流域面积13.48 km^2,其甘肃段位于甘肃省中东部,占流域总面积的44.1%。渭河流域自然条件差,地形差异大,气候垂直变化显著,且降水分布极为不均,洪水、泥石流、滑坡等自然灾害频发,水资源开发利用率小。对甘肃省境内渭河流域各代表站55年水文气象要素进行分析,得出甘肃省境内渭河流域气温、降水量、蒸发量、径流、输沙率的年内分配和年际变化特征,为甘肃省境内渭河流域水土保持治理、防洪减灾和水资源开发利用提供依据。

Weihe River,the largest tributary of the Yellow River,is one of the birthplaces of Chinese civilization. Its main stream covers 818 km and its basin area is 13. 48 km^2. It,also,is located the middle east part of Gansu Province and this part accounts for 44. 1 % of the total area of the basin. The basin has poor natural conditions and diverse land forms. Then,also because of significant change of climate and extremely uneven distribution of precipitation,floods,mudslides,landslides and other natural disasters often happen more and the utilization ratio of water resources is very small. Through statistical analysis of hydrological and meteorological elements on representative stations of Weihe River Basin in Gansu Province during recent55 years,it is drawn that temperature,precipitation,evaporation,runoff and sediment transportation rate of annual distribution and variation characteristics become clearer in this area become clearer. That can be a basis to exploit and develop water resources in the Weihe River Basin in Gansu area.