不同硬度红皮小麦的储藏霉变差异研究

MOULD GROWTH IN STORED RED WHEAT WITH DIFFERENT HARDNESS

将两种软质红皮小麦和两种硬质红皮小麦调节水分后置于相同的温度和水分条件下进行模拟储藏,以探讨不同硬度红皮小麦在储藏过程中的霉变差异。试验结果表明:在水分含量13.5%、28℃储藏条件下,硬质红皮小麦扬麦16和镇麦10中的霉菌的带菌量增加速率显著地高于软质小麦扬麦15和扬辐麦4号中的带菌量(P<0.01),软质红皮小麦对灰绿曲霉的生长具有明显的抑制作用;在水分含量15.0%、28℃储藏条件下,软质小麦对储藏霉菌具有一定程度的抑制作用,其带菌量增速仍明显低于硬质红皮小麦中的带菌量。将干燥小麦置于RH 80%潮湿环境下进行吸湿模拟储藏4周后,硬质红皮小麦中灰绿曲霉的带菌量比软质红皮小麦高出6倍以上。利用显微镜观察小麦籽粒表面发现,小麦中霉菌的生长主要集中在胚部,硬质小麦胚部的霉菌生长明显多于软质小麦胚部。因此,在相同储藏条件下硬质和软质的红皮小麦在储藏过程中霉变的发生具有显著差异,软质红皮小麦籽粒具有较强的抗霉变特性。

The present study was to investigate the mould growth in stored red wheat with different hardness,and two kinds of soft red wheat and two kinds of hard red wheat were stored under the same moisture content and temperature conditions after their moisture contents were modified. The results showed that the increase of mould counts in hard red wheat cultivars Yangmai 16 and Zhenmai 10 appeared significantly higher than that in soft red wheat cultivars Yangmai 15 and Yangfumai 4（P〈 0.01） after stored under the conditions of 13.5% moisture contents and 28 ℃. The two soft red wheat cultivars could significantly resist the growth of Aspergillus glaucus when stored at 13.5% moisture content. After stored under the conditions of 15.0% moisture contents and 28 ℃,the two soft red wheat,Yangmai 15 and Yangfumai 4,could also resist the mould growth in a certain extent,and the mould counts in the two soft red wheat were significantly lower than that in hard red wheat cultivars Yangmai16 and Zhenmai 10. Moisture absorption tests were performed under 80% relative humidity condition and the mould counts of Aspergillus glaucus in two hard red wheat were above six times more than that in two soft red wheat. Moreover,the mould growth on the wheat testa was observed using microscope and the mould mainly grew on the germ part of hard red wheat kernel. It was concluded that the mould growth in soft and hard red wheat had significant difference during storage,and the soft red wheat had the better ability to resist the mould growth than the hard red wheat under the same storage conditions.