隐喻与转喻:雅各布森文化符号学的两种基本模式

Metaphor and Metonymy : Two Basic Models of Roman Jakobson's Cultural Semiotics

雅各布森借助于失语症的实证研究,确认了隐喻与相似性、转喻与邻近性之间的直接联系,进而从文化人类学的整体立场出发,将作为传统修辞格的隐喻与转喻提升为人类一切文化符号运作机制的两种基本模式。他不仅综合考察了人类文化中重复出现的隐喻和转喻模式,更将此模式应用于诸多诗歌文本的语法结构分析中,尤其突出和强调了"隐喻"结构在诗歌中的地位和作用,是"文学性"在文本中直观而具体的体现。雅各布森的隐喻和转喻模式是其文化符号学中的成功范式,对英法现代文学和社会文化的研究产生了重要影响。

According to empirical studies of ＂Aphasia＂, Roman Jakobson confirms direct links between the metaphor and similarity, metonymy and the proximity. Then he starts from the overall stance of cultural anthropology, enhancing the traditional figures of speech, metaphor and metonymy to the two basic models of the working mechanism of the human cultural symbols. He not only examines the human culture of metaphor and metonymy but also applies the model to analyzing the grammatical structure of many poetry text, especially prominent and emphasizes the position and function of the structure of ＂metaphor＂ in poetry, the concept and specific reflect of＂literariness＂ in the text. Jakobson＇s metaphor and metonymy is a successful paradigm of cultural semiotics, which makes an important influence on the study of British modern literature and social culture.