儿童微量元素的检测及其价值分析

Detection of trace elements in children and its clinical value

微量元素在体内含量很低，是代谢的重要辅助和调节因子。常用的元素检测为钙、镁（常量元素）和铁、锌、铜（微量元素），其缺乏、比例失调会导致儿童生长发育迟缓、营养不良、免疫力低下等。因其含量甚微，检测方法的灵敏度和可重复性很重要；不同检测方法的生物参考区间不能替代，实验室需要建立或验证相关参考区间。临床检测微量元素需明确适应证，良好的质量控制保证检测的准确度、灵敏度，为临床诊断提供客观的参考依据。

While only in minute quantities in the body, trace elements are crucial co-factms and regulators of normal metabolism. Commonly tested elements include calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, and copper. Imbalance or deficiencies in trace elements can cause growth retardation, malnutrition, immune malfunction and other abnormalities in children. Because these elements are in trace amounts, sensitivity and reproducibility of detection methods are of paramount importance. Different methods for the same element can yield different reference intervals, which, in order to be applied in the clinic, would have to be independently established by individual laboratories. Clearly defined indications and good quality control to ensure accuracy and sensitivity are necessary for the measurement of trace elements to provide objective reference for clinical diagnosis.