冬麦春播小麦发育进程中主茎叶片内源激素的变化

Responses of Endogenous Hormone Contents in Leaves of Main Stem in Different Developmental Stages of Winter Wheat Varieties Sowed in Spring

为探讨冬麦春播小麦内源激素在其生育进程中的动态变化规律,以长江中下游地区冬播小麦品种扬麦13、渝麦10为材料,在忻定盆地春播条件下,研究在早播（Ⅰ：3月7日）和适播（Ⅱ：3月14日）2个处理下,不同生育时期小麦主茎叶片内源激素赤霉素（GA）、吲哚乙酸（IAA）、玉米素核苷（ZR）和脱落酸（ABA）含量变化及其对籽粒产量的影响。结果表明,内源激素在小麦生育进程中呈现不同动态变化,其中拔节期、开花期是内源激素调节的关键时期。多元相关分析、通径分析等表明,冬麦春播条件下,扬麦13、渝麦10在拔节期（GA和ABA）、开花期（ZR和GA）激素与产量的偏相关系数最高,分别为0.88～0.91、0.995～0.997,即GA水平与产量关系较为密切。品种间内源激素含量的差异大于播期间差异,其中扬麦13（Ⅰ）的GA含量较稳定,其拔节期ABA含量明显低于其它处理,且GA/ABA、IAA/ABA、ZR/ABA和（GA＋IAA＋ZR）/ABA值均为品种间最高;此外,扬麦13的籽粒产量、成穗数及穗粒数均显著高于渝麦10和宁2038（CK）,在早播处理下扬麦13的增产幅度较大。本研究为冬麦春播小麦生长发育及产量形成受内源激素调控提供了理论参考。

In order to understand the dynamic pattern of endogenous hormones in leaves of the main stem of winter wheat varieties sowed in spring. A field experiment of two sowing dates（ Ⅰ： early sowing; Ⅱ; normal sowing） was carried out at Xinding basin with 2 winter wheat cultivars imported from the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze river region in China,Yangmai 13 and Yumai 10. Those varieties were sowed in spring in Xinding basin area of Shanxi province. The results showed that dynamic changes in endogenous hormones in leaves of the main stem of winter wheat varieties sowed in spring in different developmental stages were observed. Jointing and flowering stages were the critical periods for regulation of endogenous hormones. Path analysis and multiple stepwise regression analysis indicated that partial correlation coefficients of endogenous hormones at jointing stage（ GA and ABA） and flowering stage（ ZR and GA） had obviously positive effect on grain weight,and partial correlation coefficients of them with yield were 0. 88 ～ 0. 91,and0. 995 ～ 0. 997,respectively. GA contents were more correlated with the production. The difference in endogenous hormones of cultivars was greater than that of sowing dates. GA contents of Yangmai 13 was more stable,and ABA contents was obviously lower than others. The ratios of GA to ABA、IAA to ABA、ZR to ABA、and（ GA ＋ IAA ＋ ZR） to ABA in Yangmai 13 were higher than those in Yumai 10. The above mentioned results suggested that Yangmai 13 had stronger ability to regulate endogenous hormone contents for adapting different environments under winter wheat varieties sowed in spring. Grain yield,spike number and grain number per spike of Yangmai 13 were significantly higher than those of Yumai 10 and Ning 2038,and yield of Yangmai 13 in early sowing treatments were obviously high. The theoretical reference was provided for the growth and yield formation of winter wheat varieties sowed in spring regulated by the endogenous hormone research.