不同石榴品种果实酚类物质及抗氧化活性研究

Study on the Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Activity in Fruits of Different Pomegranate Cultivars

为探明石榴不同栽培地区和不同品种间酚类物质含量分布特征,筛选抗氧化能力强的功能型优良品种,以山东、云南、新疆和四川地区8个主栽石榴品种的成熟期果实为试材,利用常规品质分析方法和高效液相色谱技术,对其果实品质、酚类物质和抗氧化能力进行分析。结果表明,石榴品种间果实各品质指标存在显著差异,其中,喀什甜单果质量、可溶性糖和维生素C含量最高,甜绿籽固酸比最高,泰山红可溶性固形物含量最高,红玛瑙可滴定酸含量最高。不同石榴品种果皮中酚类物质含量与抗氧化能力均最高;果汁次之,种子最低。喀什甜果皮和红玛瑙种子中酚类物质含量和DPPH自由基清除率均最高;果汁中花青苷含量和DPPH自由基清除率分别在千籽红和大青皮甜中最高,安石榴苷、没食子酸、鞣花酸、总黄酮和总酚含量在红玛瑙中最高;果皮中安石榴苷含量(平均为135.00 mg·g-1)占总酚的48.94%,是石榴果实中最主要的酚类物质。果实品质指标间、果实品质与酚类物质间存在一定的相关性,安石榴苷、没食子酸、鞣花酸、花青苷、总黄酮和总酚间互为正相关,各指标与DPPH自由基清除率均正相关。红玛瑙、喀什红和千籽红果实的综合品质佳,富含酚类物质,是值得推广和开发利用的优良品种。研究结果为石榴加工产品的研发和新品种选育提供了理论依据。

The experiments were conducted to reveal the distributive characteristics of phenolic compound contents among different cultivated regions and cultivars,and to select functional superior cultivars with stronger antioxidant capacity.Eight dominant pomegranate cultivars were used as the experiment materials,which were from Shandong,Yunnan,Xinjiang and Sichuan Provinces,respectively.The fruit quality,phenolic compound contents and DPPH radial scavenging activity of these cultivars fruit were analyzed by common analysis methods and high performance liquid chromatography at maturation stage.The result showed that the difference of fruit quality was significant in different pomegranate cultivars.The single fruit mass,soluble sugar and vitamin C content of Kashitian were highest.The ratio of soluble solid and titratable acid of Tianlvzi was highest.The content of soluble solid and titratable acid was highest in Taishanhong and Hongmanao,respectively.The phenolic compound contents and DPPH radial scavenging activity of different pomegranate cultivars were all highest in peel,which were second highest in juice,and lowest in seed.The content of punicalagin,gallic acid,ellagic acid,anthocyanin,total phenols and DPPH radial scavenging activity were highest in Kashitian peel and Hongmanao seed.The anthocyanin content and DPPH radial scavenging activity was highest in Qianzihong and Daqingpitian juice,respectively.The content of punicalagin,gallic acid,ellagic acid,total phenols were highest in Hongmanao juice.The punicalagin content（ average 135.00 mg·g- 1） was 48.94% of total phenols in peel.Punicalagin was the important phenolic compound in pomegranate fruit.There was certain correlation between different fruit quality indexes.It is found that certain dependence also existed between fruit quality and phenolic compound.Punicalagin,gallic acid,ellagic acid,anthocyain,total phenols were positive relationships,which were all positively correlated with DPPH radial scavenging activity.Hongmanao,Kashitian and Qianzihong had excellent comprehensive fruit quality and rich phenolic compound,which were worth popularization,development and utilization.The result could provide theoretical basis for product development and new cultivars breeding of pomegranate.