施氮量和行距对冬小麦产量及生理特性的影响

Effects of Nitrogen Rate and Row Spacing on Grain Yield and Physiological Characteristics of Winter Wheat

为探明不同栽培措施对小麦产量的调控差异,以强筋小麦济麦20和中筋小麦中麦8号为试验材料,采用三因素裂区设计,以施氮量为主区,设150、210、270 kg·hm-23个水平;以行距为裂区,设12、20cm 2个水平;以供试品种为小裂区,设济麦20和中麦8号2个水平,在高产栽培条件下研究不同施氮量和行距对冬小麦产量的影响及其生理基础。结果表明,济麦20和中麦8号,2种小麦籽粒产量均在270kg·hm-2施氮量水平下得到显著提高;在210 kg·hm-2或270 kg·hm-2施氮量条件下,20 cm行距更有利于2个小麦品种高产的形成。随着施氮量增加或行距增大,2个小麦品种旗叶SPAD值和净光合速率均在270 kg·hm-2施氮量和20 cm行距条件下保持较高值,可积累更多光合产物,为实现高产奠定基础。因此,本试验条件下,济麦20和中麦8号均在270 kg·hm-2施氮量、20cm行距组合下达到高产。本研究得到了小麦高产的最佳施氮量和行距组合,这对我国冬小麦高产栽培具有一定的指导意义。

In order to study the influence diversity of different cultivation measures on grain yield,the experiment was conducted in the Institute of Crop Science,Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences from the year of 2013 to 2014.Strong gluten wheat（ Jimai 20） and middle gluten wheat（ Zhongmai 8） were used as material in a complete split-plot experimental design of three factors.The main-plot was nitrogen application amount with three levels（ 150 kg N·hm^-2,210 kg N·hm^-2,and 270 kg N·hm^-2）.The sub-plot was row spacing with two levels of 12 cm and 20cm）,and the sub treatment was varieties（ Jimai 20 and Zhongmai 8）.The main results indicated that the grain yield of Jmai 20 and Zhongmai 8 was significantly increased at the level of 270 kg N·hm^-2.Under the condition of 270 kg N·hm^-2or 210 kg N·hm^-2,the treatment of spaced 20 cm was more beneficial to the formation of high yield.Under the condition of the treatment 270 kg N·hm^-2and spaced 20 cm,the physiological index such as SPAD readings and photosynthetic rate of flag leaves maintained higher value,which was conducive to accumulation of photosynthate and formation of highyielding.In the present experiment,grain yield of Jimai 20 and Zhongmai 8 both got the highest level in the treatment 270 kg N·hm^-2and spaced 20 cm.The experiment was obtained the best combination between nitrogen amounts and row spacing of high-yield.The findings that provided a certain guidance significance for winter wheat under high-yield cultivation.