上海地区汉族青年人群恒前牙体部颜色特征临床研究

Color distribution of permanent anterior teeth of Chinese Shanghai young people

目的:研究中国上海地区汉族青年人群恒前牙体部颜色特征。方法:132例20-35岁青年志愿者纳入研究,男性49例,女性83例;前牙发育正常,牙体完整,活髓,牙面清洁,无色素沉着、软垢、牙石,无前牙漂白史,使用OLYMPUS Crystaleye电子比色仪进行测量,共获得1584颗上下颌恒前牙体部的颜色参数L*、a*、b*值,按照上下颌中切牙、侧切牙、尖牙不同牙位分组,进行统计分析(t检验和单因素方差分析)。结果:青年人群前牙体部色度范围为L*:71.54±4.13,a*:2.11±1.30,b*:19.29±4.02;上颌前牙体部色度范围L*:71.00±3.18,a*:2.33±1.41,b*:20.00±3.81,下颌前牙体部色度范围L*:72.28±3.19,a*:1.89±1.12,b*:18.62±4.00,上下颌前牙体部色差△E为1.93。上中切牙体部色度值参数为L*:73.06±2.60,a*:1.39±1.08,b*:17.71±3.13,下中切牙体部色度值参数为L*:73.14±3.34,a*:1.21±0.87,b*:15.40±2.63;上侧切牙体部色度值参数为L*:70.52±3.29,a*:1.98±0.94,b*:18.97±2.93,下侧切牙体部色度值参数为L*:72.15±3.56,a*:1.64±0.86,b*:17.94±2.76;上尖牙体部色度值参数为L*:69.41±2.42,a*:3.61±1.14,b*:23.28±2.83,下尖牙体部色度值参数为L*:71.58±2.37,a*:71.58±2.37,b*:22.42±2.86。中切牙、侧切牙、尖牙体部色度值之间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。同颌左右同名牙之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),而上下颌同名牙之间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:青年人群前牙中中切牙明度最大,其次为侧切牙,尖牙明度最低,色相与彩度则相反,由中切牙至尖牙逐渐增加,颜色渐偏黄、红。比色时应注意前牙列的变化规律和上下颌前牙颜色的差异性。

Objective： To study the color distribution of permanent anterior teeth of Chinese young people in Shanghai.Methods： 1584 permanent anterior teeth from 132 Chinese young people（49 males and 83 females were included） aging from 20 to 35 years old were measured with digital colorimeter Crystaleye（Olympus Inc., Tokyo Japan） for the value of L＊,a＊, b＊ of the teeth. Admission criteria： vital anterior teeth with normal and complete shape, no pigmentation, debris, calculus,no front teeth bleaching therapy history. The chromatism（△E） and the color diffenence was calculated according to the formula△EL_（＊a＊b＊）=[（△L＊）~2＋（△a＊）~2＋（△b＊）~2]^（1/2）. Data were analyzed with SPSS 19.0 software package for Student＇s t test and one-way ANOVA. Results：（1） The mean value of L＊a＊b＊ of anterior teeth＇s body region： L＊：71.54 ±4.13, a＊：2.11±1.30,b＊：19.29±4.02.（2） The mean value of maxillary central incisors： L＊：73.06±2.60, a＊：1.39±1.08, b＊： 17.71±3.13, mandibular central incisors： L＊： 73.14±3.34, a＊：1.21±0.87, b＊： 15.40±2.63; maxillary lateral incisors： L＊： 70.52±3.29, a＊： 1.98±0.94, b＊： 18.97±2.93, mandibular lateral incisors L＊： 72.15±3.56, a＊： 1.64±0.86, b＊： 17.94±2.76; maxillary canines： L＊：69.41 ±2.42, a＊： 3.61 ±1.14, b＊： 23.28 ±2.83; mandibular canines： L＊：71.58 ±2.37,a＊：71.58 ±2.37, b＊：22.42 ±2.86. There were significant difference between the central incisors and the lateral incisors as well as the canines in terms of L＊a＊b＊.（3） No significant difference was found between the same name teeth of the same jaw on the left side and the right side in terms of L＊, a＊, b＊value（P〉0.05）. Reverse result was found between the same name teeth on the upper and lower jaw. Conclusion：Among young people, the central incisors appear much brighter than the lateral incisors and canines, while canines were redder and yellower. The influences of teeth position should be considered while doing shade match in clinic.