过往与当下--从历史观念看遗产保护理论的演变

The Past and the Present:Historical Consciousness and Conservation Ideology

纵观建筑遗产保护的理论发展历程,保护思想的演变与人们如何看待过去与当下的关系息息相关,而对历史的态度对于遗产处置方式的选择其实源自人们对现实的批判。因此,对历史观念的解析是研究遗产保护思想如何诞生以及演变的重要维度。文章通过对文艺复兴、启蒙时期、工业革命时期、现代主义时期和当代五个重要时间点的历史观念与保护思想的比较阅读,阐释了历史观念是如何影响到人们对于古迹的态度,以及这种影响如何转化为保护的理念和哲学。

On the dimension of value, the key aspects that affect the form of the conservation ideology are the concept of the peoples looking into the relation between the past and present; the evaluation method on the aesthetic of heritage; and their choice of heritage within the social movement. The concept of history, aesthetic preference and social movement has directed the conservation ideology towards rationality： from tampering with history to considering history as foreign country, peoples began to rationally consider about the relation between the past and present; from monument esteem and patina preference to acceptance of ruins, people have established the philosophy of preservation rather than restoration; from monuments destroying to calling for ＇conservation＇ by several medias, peoples have learned lessons from mistakes. After all the phases, the theory of architecture heritage conservation was finally formed with the Venice Charter as consensus.