不同蘸花剂对黄瓜果实生长及品质的影响

Effect of Flower Dipping Agents on Cucumber Fruit Growth and Quality

针对黄瓜生产中使用避孕药保持鲜花和乱用激素蘸花的争论,选取不同浓度的避孕药(醋酸甲地孕酮)和5种激素对黄瓜进行蘸花处理。结果表明:醋酸甲地孕酮对黄瓜鲜花保持及果实膨大没有作用;2,4-D能延迟黄瓜开花,保持黄瓜鲜花不败;用100mg·L^(-1)的赤霉素溶液蘸花,能促进黄瓜果实膨大;萘乙酸蘸花处理的黄瓜会出现花冠不完全展开的现象,但不能长时间保持鲜花;防落素和氯吡脲处理对黄瓜坐瓜和果实膨大都有促进作用。适宜浓度的激素处理对促进黄瓜果实生长的影响为氯吡脲>防落素>2,4-D>萘乙酸>赤霉素>清水(CK)。其中10mg·L^(-1)氯吡脲蘸花处理对黄瓜果实生长的促进效果最明显,且激素残留量检测符合欧盟标准0.01mg·kg^(-1)。

According to the debate about misusing hormone in cucumber production,the experiment treated cucumber with different concentration of Megestrol acetate and 5 kinds of hormones. The results showed that there were no changes found in flower and fruit under Megestrol acetate. And 2,4-D delayed the flowering and kept flower blooming. There was faster fruit growth ratio under GA（100 mg·L^（-1）） treatment. Furthermore,corollas were not completely expanded under NAA treatment. However,there were improvement on fruit setting and fruit expansion under chlorine pyrazole urea and chlorobenzene oxygen ethanoic acid sodium. The effectiveness of suitable hormone concentration on cucumber fruit growth is in following order：chlorine pyrazole urea 〉chlorobenzene oxygen ethanoic acid sodium 2,4-D 〉NAA〉 GA〉 pure water（the contrast）. Among them,chlorine pyrazole urea（10 mg·L^（-1））dipping treatment had the best effect on cucumber fruit growth,and its hormone residue detection was in compliance with EU standard（0.01 mg·kg^（-1））.