国外典型电力批发市场模式比较及启示

A Comparison of Typical Electricity Wholesale Markets Overseas and What Can be Learned by China

电力批发市场建设是电力市场体制改革的重要内容,对于电力市场的开放、竞争、有序运行起到了基础性的支撑作用。国外主要电力批发市场的交易模式大体可分为分散交易模式和集中交易模式两大类,英国电力批发市场和新加坡电力批发市场分别是分散交易模式和集中交易模式的典型代表。两种交易模式下,都存在一个实现发用电量实时平衡的平衡竞价平台,只是分散交易模式下,大部分电量是通过双边合同确定的,少部分电量通过平衡竞价平台完成,分散交易模式并不能像集中交易模式那样实现大范围的资源优化配置。同时集中交易在操作效率、交易便捷方面有着很大的优势,集中交易的公开透明将有效避免双边交易价格受市场外的因素干扰。通过比较分析,对我国电力批发市场建设提出建议:初期有必要先建立日前集中交易市场,市场参与者可以通过金融市场的双边合同进行市场风险控制,监管机构可以在市场化过渡阶段设置固定合同机制,使市场化改革平稳过渡。

Construction of wholesale electricity market is an integral part of China ′s electricity market system reform and plays a key role in supporting the opening and normal operation of the electricity market as well as market competition.There are two main modes of trading in major foreign wholesale electricity markets-de-centralized trading and centralized trading.The UK and Singaporean wholesale electricity markets are the two typical types of decentralized and centralized trading.There is a balancing bidding platform that serves to bal-ance electricity production and consumption in real time in both modes.In the decentralized trading mode,most electricity is determined through bilateral contracts with only a small portion completed through the bal-ancing bidding platform.The decentralized mode is unable to achieve optimized large-scale resource configura-tion like the centralized mode.In addition,the centralized mode has clear advantages in operating efficiency and trading convenience and the transparence of centralized trading will effectively avoid the interference of factors outside the market in trading prices.This article,after comparing the two modes of trading,makes some suggestions on the construction of a wholesale electricity market in China： It is necessary to establish a cen-tralized day-ahead trading market in the initial stage;market players can control market risks through bilateral contracts signed in the financial market;and the regulatory authority can set a fixed contract system during the transition period of marketization to ensure a stable transition of the market-driven reform.