马鞍山市公共场所室内PM_(2.5)污染状况分析

Investigation of indoor fine particles pollution in public places in Maanshan

目的了解马鞍山市部分公共场所室内PM_(2.5)的污染水平,探讨其可能的影响因素。方法于2013年1月至2014年3月,以马鞍山市25家公共场所(宾馆、洗浴中心、网吧、咖啡馆、电影院各5家)作为监测对象,采用光散射法测定室内外PM_(2.5)浓度,同时现场记录监测点的室内人员数量、吸烟人员数量、禁烟政策、空调使用情况等。结果公共场所室内PM_(2.5)浓度的中位数(M)为104μg/m^3,四分位数间距(IQR)为63~194μg/m^3。不同类型公共场所的室内PM_(2.5)浓度差异有统计学意义(F=31.569,P<0.001)。网吧室内PM_(2.5)浓度最高,M(IQR)为289(222~609)μg/m^3,咖啡馆次之,为203(110~335)μg/m^3,宾馆、洗浴中心和电影院最低,分别为98(50~142)、88(59~157)、75(53~102)μg/m^3。多重线性回归分析显示,室内PM_(2.5)浓度随着室外PM_(2.5)浓度、室内吸烟人时密度及室内人时密度的增加而升高,不使用地毯、使用中央空调、实施禁烟政策和使用机械通风均可降低室内PM_(2.5)浓度,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论调查期间马鞍山市公共场所室内PM_(2.5)污染较严重。室外PM_(2.5)、室内吸烟、室内人员、地毯等是室内PM_(2.5)的污染来源。

Objective To investigate the fine particulate matter（PM_（2.5）） levels in public places of Maanshan city, and explore the influencing factors. Methods From January 2013 to March 2014, a total of 25 public places in five types of public places including hotels, bath centers, internet bars, cafes and movie theatres in Maanshan city were selected as the study subjects.Both indoor and outdoor PM_（2.5） concentrations were monitored by light scattering method. The general information such as the number of indoor personnels and smokers, somking policy, central air conditioner using, mechanical ventilation, as well as carpet using were also investigated. Results The average indoor PM_（2.5） concentrations of all 25 public places were 104（IQR：63-194） μg/m3. The average indoor PM_（2.5） concentrations showed significant differences among the five types of public places（F =31.569, P 〈0.001）. The average indoor PM_（2.5） concentrations of internet bars were the highest（289 μg/m3）, cafes were the second（203 μg/m3）, and hotels, bath centers and movie theatres were the lowest（98, 88, 75 μg/m3）. Multiple linear regression model analysis indicated that indoor PM_（2.5） concentrations significantly increased with the increase of corresponding outdoor PM_（2.5） concentrations, indoor densities of smoking time and person time（P 〈0.05）. Hovever, no carpet, central air conditioner using, policy of no smoking and mechanical ventilation using helped to reduce the indoor PM_（2.5） concentration（P〈 0.05）.Conclution The indoor PM_（2.5） pollution in public places in Maanshan is serious. The outdoor PM_（2.5） and smoking, person, carpet indoors are important sources of pollution.