荷正电聚乙烯亚胺纳滤膜的制备与应用

Preparation and Applications of Positively Charged Polyethyleneimine Nanofiltration Membrane

纳滤是介于超滤与反渗透之间的膜分离技术,具有操作压力低,无相变,分离效率高及运行成本低等优点,广泛地应用于饮用水制备、污水处理、化工、制药和食品等领域。近年来,随着分离体系复杂程度的增加及对膜分离性能要求的提高,荷正电纳滤膜越来越受到研究者的关注。聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)是一类重要的多胺类荷正电纳滤膜材料,具有优异的亲水性、高荷电密度及反应活性。开发具有高分离性、高稳定性、耐酸碱性、耐溶剂性、抗菌性和耐污染性的荷正电PEI纳滤膜(P-PEI-NFM)日益成为研究的热点。本文对近年来P-PEI-NFM的制备方法进行归纳,总结了P-PEI-NFM在水软化、重金属脱除、碱性染料的分离及浓缩、抗生素分离和耐溶剂纳滤的应用。探讨了P-PEI-NFM存在的主要问题,并对未来的研究方向进行了展望。

The nanofiltration is a type of pressure-driven membrane separation technology with properties between ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis.It offers several advantages such as low operation pressure,no phase transition,high separation efficiency,relatively low operation and maintenance costs.The application range of nanofiltration membrane in drinking water production,wastewater treatment,chemical processing,pharmaceutical and food industry and other potential beneficiaries has extended tremendously.Therefore,nanofiltration membranes with good separation performances are required for more complicated applications.To address these requirements,positively charged nanofiltration membranes have received more and more attentions.Polyethyleneimine（PEI） which is an important amine groups function cationic polyelectrolyte,has become one of the most important positively nanofiltration membrane materials because of its superior hydro philicity,high charge density and reactivity.Preparation of positively PEI NF membranes（P-PEI-NFM） with high separation efficiency,good stability,pH stability,solvent resistance,antibacterial and antifouling properties has become a hot spot in recent years.Recent preparation methods of P-PEI-NFM are reviewed in this paper,and the applications such as in water softening,heavy metal removal,separation and concentration of basic dyes,separation of antibiotics and solvent resistant nanofiltration are summarized.The major problems existed at present are pointed out.In addition,this paper also provides useful information about the development of P-PEINFM.