德国劳动法院的历史、体制及其启示

The History,System and Enlightenment of Germany's Labor Court

德国劳动法院发端于柏林工厂法院与立昂营业专家委员会。通过1926年和1953年的《劳动法院法》逐渐发展定型。目前,劳动法院独立存在,其审判组织由职业法官和劳动者一方代表以及雇主一方代表共同组成,在院长任命、机构监管和业务监督方面,司法机关和劳动与社会部共同负责,其管辖的案件范围不仅是关于劳动关系的争议,而且包括其他和劳动关系有关的争议,但不管辖利益争议。劳动争议的上诉和复审都受到了很大的限制。尽管存在争议,但德国的主流意见认为应保留独立劳动法院体制。德国独立的劳动争议审判体制、劳动法院组织上的社会参与、快速化的纠纷解决、调解的优先地位以及劳动法院管辖的扩张与限制等值得借鉴。

The labor court of Germany is originated in Berlin Factory Court and Lyons Business Expert Committee,developed and formed through the Law of Labor Court in 1926 and in 1953.At present,the labor court exists independently with the trail group formed by professional judges,labor representatives and employer representatives.Judicial authority and the Ministry of labor and society have shared the responsibility of the appointment of labor court president,institutional supervision and legal business supervision.Although controversial,the mainstream opinion of Germany insists on remaining the independent labor court.