患者术前传染病患病率现状分析

Analysis of the infection status for patients before operation

目的分析28 427例患者术前各种感染性指标的现状,探讨其检查的必要性,进一步加强医院的生物安全防护,降低医护人员职业暴露风险,减少或避免医院内感染及医疗纠纷。方法对新疆某三甲医院2014年4月-2015年3月的住院患者进行术前传染病检查,分析乙肝、丙肝、艾滋病、梅毒在术前患者中的感染情况及民族、年龄、性别差异。结果 28 427例患者中乙肝病毒表面抗原(HBs Ag)阳性1 066例,阳性率为3.75%,其中汉族感染者占52.44%;丙肝抗体(Anti-HCV)阳性302例,阳性率为1.06%,其中维吾尔族感染者占54.97%;艾滋病病毒抗体(Anti-HIV)阳性99例,阳性率为0.35%,其中维吾尔族感染者占84.85%;梅毒螺旋体抗体(TP)阳性747例,阳性率为2.63%,其中维吾尔族感染者占79.92%。阳性感染者中年龄差异无统计学意义,男、女感染相比差异有统计学意义。结论术前对患者进行各种传染病的检测对于减少血液传播、减少职业暴露及医院内交叉感染有积极的作用,因此患者在术前进行各种传染病检测很有必要。

Objective To analyze the status of preoperative infectious indicators in 28 427 patients,to explore the necessity of its inspection,to further strengthen the hospital＇s biological safety protection,reduce the risk of occupational exposure and to lower or avoid the currence of hospital infection and medical disputes. Methods Hospitalized patients from a hospital in Xinjiang between April 2014 to March 2015 were selected to detect the infection status of HBV,HCV,HIV,Syphilis,as well as to analyze the differences of these results in different nationality,gender and age. Results In 28 427 patients,1 066 cases were HBs Ag positive,with the positive rate of 3. 75%,of which the Han patients accounted for 52. 44%; there were 302 cases of anti- HCV positive,with the positive rate of 1. 06%,of which Uygur patients accounted for 54. 97%; 99 cases were anti- HIV positive,with the positive rate of 0. 35%,of which Uygur patients accounted for 84. 85%; 747 cases were TP positive,with the positive rate of 2. 63%,of which the positive rates of Uygur patients was 79. 92%. There was no statistical significance on the age differences but on genders differences. Conclusion It was necessary to perform preoperative detection on all kinds of infectious diseases,which is promotive to reduce blood transmission,occupational exposure and cross infection in hospital.