野生亚东鲑群体遗传多样性及其种质来源研究

Study on genetic diversity and germplasm sources of wild Yadong salmon population

以褐鳟(Salmo trutta)日本品系和亚东鲑群体为研究对象,通过测定上述两个群体8个微卫星标记和线粒体D-loop基因多态性,综合分析日本品系和亚东鲑群体遗传多样性及其种质来源。结果表明,褐鳟日本品系等位基因数为2~10个,亚东鲑群体为4~9个,平均有效等位基因数分别为3.1304和3.8988;观测杂合度范围分别为0.3404~0.7128和0.1020~0.8776,其中褐鳟日本品系平均观测杂合度为0.5612,亚东鲑群体为0.5510,期望杂合度分别为0.4671~0.7794和0.5216~0.7932;褐鳟日本品系多态信息含量(PIC)为0.3680~0.7440,平均为0.5964,而亚东群体PIC为0.4660~0.8370,平均为0.5926。研究分析褐鳟、亚东鲑线粒体D-loop基因序列和欧洲褐鳟已知五个地理居群D-loop基因序列,日本品系褐鳟和亚东鲑与欧洲大西洋居群褐鳟聚在一支,亲缘关系最近。

In this study, with brown trout Japanese strain and Yadong salmon (Salmo trutta fario) as objects, the genetic structure and diversity of these two strains were studied with eight polymorphic microsatellite loci and mitochondrial DNA D-Loop sequences to analysis the system evolution and genetic relationship in the study. The results showed that the number of alleles at each locus in two populations ranged from two to ten and four to nine, respectively. The average number of effective alleles was 3.1304 and 3.8988. The observed heterozygosity varied from 0.3404 to 0.7128 and 0.1020 to 0.8776, respectively. The expected heterozygosity was 0.4671-0.7794 and 0.5216-0.7932.The polymorphic information content (PIC) of Japanese strain ranged from 0.3680 to 0.7440, with an average of 0.5964. And the PIC of Yadong salmon varied from 0.4660 to 0.8370, with an average of 0.5926. In this study, both Japanese strain and Yadong salmon had the closest phylogenetic lineages with Atlantic populations among the five known geographic European brown trout populations based mitochondrial D-loop sequences. The results suggested Yadong salmon wild resources might be suffering a sharp decline processing, and the genetic diversity of wild Yadong salmon should be maintained and strengthened in resource conservation and management.