钙素水平对基质栽培黄瓜生长、产量与品质的影响

Effect of calcium level on growth,yield and quality of cucumber in substrate culture

在荷兰温室以园艺研究所黄瓜营养液配方为对照进行盆栽试验,通过改变营养液中钙素的含量与营养液的浓度研究钙对黄瓜产量与品质(可溶性蛋白、Vc、硝酸盐含量、有机酸以及可溶性糖)的影响。结果表明:1.2Ca含量处理的株高、茎粗有明显优势,并且有最高的平均单株产量与品质水平,为最优处理,并据此调节营养液4个不同浓度梯度(EC=1.5、2.5、3.5、4.5 m S·cm^(-1))。在生长初期与开花期EC值为1.5与3.5 m S·cm^(-1)处理的株高高于其他处理,在营养生长阶段3.5 m S·cm^(-1)处理的株高/茎粗较小,植株生长健壮。3.5 m S·cm^(-1)处理的黄瓜产量最高,且经过加权平均法进行品质比较分析,其品质也优于其他处理。因此,在实际黄瓜基质栽培生产中营养液以EC3.5处理的钙水平393.176 mg·L-1生长最好,产量较高。

Calcium is the most important essential element on the growth of cucumber. The cucumber seedlings were grown in substrate culture with pots,the Netherlands Gardening formula was used as the control,but the calcium content was changed while the other nutrient concentration remained constant to determine the most suitable local nutrient solution formula. Yield and quality（ protein,Vc,nitrates,organic acid and soluble sugar） of cucumber were analyzed. The result showed that the increment of 1. 2 Calcium was the optimized nutrient solution with best yield and qulity,plant height and stem diameter. Four different concentration gradients of nutrient solution treatment were designed based on the results of the first research stage（ EC = 1. 5,2. 5,3. 5,4. 5 m S·cm^-1,respectively）. The plant heights of EC 1. 5 m S·cm^-1treatment and 3. 5 m S·cm^-1treatment were higher than those of other treatments in early growth and blossom period of the cucumbers. The ratio of plant height/stem diameter for 3. 5 m S·cm^-1was smaller than others in the vegetative growth stage.In addition,the cucumber yield and the qualities of the 3. 5 m S·cm^-1treatment which were analyzed through the weighted average method were better than the other treatments. It indicated that 393. 176 mg·L^-1was the suitable level of calcium of cucumber with the best growth and the highest yield under the experiment of production in the substrate.