早产和/或低出生体重儿神经心理发育的城乡差异研究

Study on urban and rural differences of neuropsychological development of preterm infants and / or low birth weight infants

目的探讨城乡早产和/或低出生体重儿的神经心理发育水平及行为特征,分析城乡间差异。方法 2009年2月-2013年7月应用自编一般情况量表、《0-6岁儿童神经心理发育检查量表》和《孤独症行为量表》（ABC量表）对97例早产和/或低出生体重儿进行观察测评。结果城乡儿童智能发育异常发生率比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;智能发育除大运动外,精细运动、语言、适应能力、社交行为及总发育商比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;城乡儿童行为问题发生频率从高到低依次为生活自理、语言、躯体运动方面,仅在生活自理方面＂若没有别人的帮助,不会自己穿衣服＂城乡儿童比较差异有统计学意义（χ^2=7.90,P〈0.05）。结论与城市相比,乡镇早产和/或低出生体重儿神经心理发育水平落后,提示应加强对乡镇早产和/或低出生体重儿家庭神经心理方面的早期宣教和干预工作。

Objective To explore neuropsychological development level and behavioral features of urban and rural preterm infants and /or low birth weight infants,analyze urban and rural differences. Methods A self-designed general situation scale,0-6 years old children＇s psychological mental test scale,and Autism Behavior Checklist were used to assess 97 preterm infants and / or low birth weight infants from February 2009 to July 2013. Results There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence rate of abnormal intelligent development between urban and rural infants（ P〉0. 05）; there were statistically significant differences in intelligent development quotient and total development quotient between urban and rural infants except for gross motor（ P〈0. 05）; the frequencies of behavioral problems among urban and rural infants from high to low were life self- care ability,language,somatic movement,there was statistically significant difference in ＂ wearing clothes without help＂ between urban and rural infants（χ^2= 7. 90,P〈0. 05）. Conclusion Compared with urban infants,neuropsychological development of rural infants is behind,which indicates that early propaganda,education,and intervention of neuropsychological development among rural families having preterm infants and / or low birth weight infants should be strengthened.