卫生系统分类理论与方法探析

Analysis of the health systems classification： theory and method

系统分析了卫生系统分类理论起源、方法及特点。卫生系统分类起源于马克思·韦伯的理想类型概念，并受到艾斯平·安德森福利制度概念的深刻影响，目前包括基于现实案例属性的归纳法和理论概念推理的演绎法两大主流方法。归纳法是从具体对象中观察总结规律，形成理论；而演绎法根据给定的现象设定一系列理论属性，然后将属性变量集合，转化为分类。归纳法和演绎法目的相同，但具有相反的优势和风险，因此需要根据研究目的将二者结合应用于我国卫生系统研究。

A systemic analysis of the origin, methods and characteristics of the health system classification theory systematically. Such classification originated in the Ideal Type by Marx Weber, and was deeply influenced by Esping Andersen＇ s welfare system. This classification is composed of two mainstream methods： the induction method which is based on properties of actual cases, and the deduction method which is based on reasoning from theoretical concepts. For the former, the theory was formed by observation and summarization of the laws of specific objects, while for the latter, a series of theory attributes are set based on given phenomena, with the attribute variables translated aggregately in the classification. As both share the same objective, yet with opposite advantages and risks, they should be combined appropriately as required in the study based in their application in China＇s specifics.