我国白酒蒸馏过程及原酒、成品酒中乙醛的研究

Research on acetaldehyde from distillation cut,raw liquor,finished liquor

乙醛广泛存在于酒精饮料中,被国际癌症研究机构（IARC）确认为Ⅰ类致癌物（对人类致癌证据充分）。利用气相色谱-氢火焰离子化检测（GC-FID）技术检测我国馏分酒、原酒和成品白酒中乙醛,发现白酒固态蒸馏和液态二次蒸馏过程中乙醛和乙缩醛很快被馏出,含量较集中于前几个馏分,随着蒸馏进行,含量逐渐减少。原酒中乙醛质量浓度在45.10-763.93 mg/L,乙缩醛的质量浓度在61.50-2 871.52 mg/L,乙缩醛和乙醛的比例在2.26∶1-2.87∶1。成品白酒中乙醛质量浓度42.36-491.70 mg/L,乙缩醛的质量浓度在68.54-811.32 mg/L,乙缩醛和乙醛的比例在1.24∶1-1.96∶1,且成品白酒乙醛的平均质量浓度（173.24 mg/L）高于其他国家蒸馏酒中乙醛的质量浓度（≤86 mg/L）。我国成品白酒中乙醛的暴露边界（margin of exposure,MOE）值为622,因此白酒中乙醛对人类健康的潜在危害应给予较高关注。

Acetaldehyde,which widely exists in alcoholic beverages,is classified as group 1 carcinogen（ sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity） by International Agency for Research on Cancer（ IARC）. In this paper,acetaldehyde from distillation cut,raw liquor,and Chinese finished liquor was quantified by gas chromatography-flame ionization detector（ GCFID）. During solid distillation process,acetaldehyde and acetal had higher values at the beginning of the distillation,but declined sharply along with the distillation process,which was similar to the second distillation of raw liquor. The acetaldehyde（ 45. 10 - 763. 93 mg / L） and acetal concentrations（ 61. 50 - 2 871. 52 mg / L） were detected in raw liquor,and the concentration ratio of acetaldehyde to acetal was 2. 26∶ 1 - 2. 87∶ 1. The acetaldehyde（ 42. 36 - 491. 70 mg / L） and acetal concentrations（ 68. 54 - 811. 32 mg / L） were detected in Chinese finished liquor,and the concentration ratio of acetaldehyde to acetal was1. 24∶ 1 - 1. 96∶ 1. The average concentration of acetaldehyde in Chinese finished liquor was 173. 24 mg /L,which was higher than that in other distilled spirit from different countries（ ≤86 mg / L）. The margin of exposure（ MOE） was calculated to be 622 in Chinese finished liquor. Acetaldehyde in Chinese liquor should be of great concern.