上岗前人员职业健康促进干预效果分析

Intervention effects of occupational health promotion for pre-employment workers

目的探讨职业健康促进干预措施对上岗前人员职业健康的干预效果。方法以2013年10月至2014年12月来自乌鲁木齐市属不同类型、不同行业的企业中403名上岗前人员作为调查对象,通过专家授课、发放宣传材料、现场或网络咨询等方式,进行职业卫生知识、职业防护理论与实践操作等的职业健康教育干预,每半个月1次,累计十余次。干预前后均对调查对象职业病防治知识、职业病防治态度和职业健康教育需求情况进行问卷调查。结果干预后403名调查对象职业病防治知识总体知晓率较干预前提高(88.09%vs 49.63%,P<0.01),职业病防治态度总体积极率较干预前提高(96.03%vs 62.28%,P<0.01),职业健康教育总体需求率较干预前提高(84.62%vs 48.64%,P<0.01)。结论针对上岗前人员及时实施职业健康促进可以提高职业知识的知晓率,认识和识别危害,增强自我防护意识,是保护就业者身心健康,避免职业危害发生的有效途径之一。

Objective To evaluate the effects of occupational health intervention measurements on occupational health of pre-employment workers. Methods Four hundred and three pre-employment workers from different types of occupations and enterprises of different industries in Urumqi from October 2013 to December 2014 were selected as the study objects.Health education intervention measurements including occupational health knowledge,occupational protection theory and practical operations were carried out through expert lectures, distributing promotional materials, on-site or network consulting and other means,which was performed twice per month for over 10 times. A questionnaire survey was performed before and after the intervention on occupational disease prevention and treatment knowledge,attitude and occupational health education demands among the workers. Results Among the 403 study subjects,the total awareness rate of occupational disease prevention and treatment knowledge after intervention was higher than that before intervention（ 88. 09% vs 49. 63%,P〈0. 01）. The total positive rate of occupational disease prevention and treatment attitude was higher than that before the intervention（ 96. 03% vs 62. 28%,P〈0. 01）. The total demand rate of occupational health education was increased compared to that before the intervention（ 84. 62% vs 48. 64%,P〈0. 01）. Conclusion The occupational health promotion for pre-employment workers can increase the workers ＇awareness of occupational disease knowledge,understand and identify occupational disease hazards,and strengthen their consciousness of self protection. It is one of the effective ways to protect the employees＇ physical and mental health and avoid occupational hazards.