建筑工人咳嗽与吸烟暴露关联研究

Association between cough and tobacco smoking exposure among construction workers

目的了解吸烟暴露对建筑工人咳嗽发生的影响。方法采用方便抽样方法,抽取204名建筑工人为研究对象,调查其吸烟暴露和咳嗽发生的情况。按照其吸烟暴露情况分为不吸烟组(18人)、被动吸烟组(66人)和主动吸烟组(120人)。结果 204名建筑工人主动吸烟率为58.8%(120/204),每日吸烟率为51.5%(105/204);非吸烟者被动吸烟率为78.6%(66/84),非吸烟者每日被动吸烟率为66.7%(56/84)。204名建筑工人偶尔咳嗽发生率为15.2%(31/204),经常咳嗽发生率为52.4%(107/204),咳嗽总发生率为67.6%(138/204)。主动吸烟组建筑工人偶尔咳嗽发生率高于被动吸烟组(23.3%vs 1.5%,P<0.01);被动吸烟组和主动吸烟组建筑工人经常咳嗽发生率均高于不吸烟组(54.5%vs 22.2%,55.8%vs 22.2%,P<0.017);主动吸烟组建筑工人咳嗽总发生率分别高于不吸烟组和被动吸烟组(79.2%vs 33.3%,79.2%vs 56.1%,P<0.01)。建筑工人的咳嗽发生频率与吸烟暴露有关联,主动吸烟者偶尔咳嗽和经常咳嗽的发生风险均高于不吸烟者(比值比分别为5.958、6.990,P<0.05),被动吸烟者经常咳嗽发生风险高于不吸烟者(优势比为3.536,P<0.05)。结论吸烟暴露是导致建筑工人咳嗽的重要危险因素;应采取有效措施,加强建筑工人的控烟工作。

Objective To study the effects of tobacco smoking exposure on cough among construction workers. Methods Convenient sampling method was adopted to choose 204 construction workers as the study objects. The relationship of cough and tobacco smoking exposure was investigated. The objects were divided into no-smoking（ 18 workers）,passive-smoking（ 66 workers） and active-smoking（ 120 workers） groups according to different tobacco smoking exposure situation. Results The occurrence of active smoking for 204 construction workers was 58. 8%（ 120 /204） and the daily active smoking rate was 51. 5%（ 105 /204）. The occurrence of passive smoking for the non-smokers was 78. 6%（ 66 /84） and the daily passive smoking rate was 66. 7%（ 56 /84）. Among the construction workers,15. 2%（ 31 /204） had occasional cough,and 52. 4%（ 107 /204） had frequent cough,total cough occurrence was 67. 6%（ 138 /204）. The occurrence of occasional cough in active-smoking group was higher than that of the passive-smoking group（ 23. 3% vs 1. 5%,P〈0. 01）; the occurrence of frequent cough in passive-smoking group and active-smoking group were higher than that of the no-smoking group（ 54. 5% vs 22. 2%,55. 8% vs 22. 2%,P〈0. 017）; the total cough occurrence in active-smoking group was higher than those of the no-smoking group and passive-smoking group（ 79. 2% vs 33. 3%,79. 2% vs 56. 1%,P〈0. 01）. There was an association between tobacco smoking exposure and cough frequency among the construction workers. Active-smokers had higher risks than non-smokers in both occasional cough and frequent cough（ odds ratio were 5. 958 and 6. 990,P〈0. 05）; the passive smokers had a higher risk of frequent cough than non-smokers（ odds ratio was 3. 536,P〈0. 05）.Conclusion Tobacco smoking exposure was an important risk factor for coughing among construction workers. Effective approach should be taken into account to control tobacco usage in the construction work site.